CONTENTS
Reviews
Saltykova Ì.Ì. Physiological mechanisms of adaptation to cold
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 5–13.
The literary review is devoted to human adaptation to cold and rehabilitation and therapeutic uses of cryosauna. Main physiological mechanisms of adaptation to cold are analyzed. It is shown that adaptation to polar latitudes increases primarily the risks of cardiovascular diseases, as well as disorders in the respiratory and peripheral nervous systems. At the same time, many investigators consider cold exposure as a promising method to combat obesity and to treat the metabolic syndrome. Cryosayna can be an experimental model for studying cold effects on human organism, developing procedures of adaptation to cold and evaluation of the adaptation reserve.
Key words: cold adaptation, adaptation to polar latitude environments, mechanisms of cold adaptation, air cryosauna.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-5-13
|
|
|
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Kovaleva À.À., Skedina Ì.À., Potapov M.G. Neurophysiological state of humans in long-duration isolation
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 14–20.
During the 520-d imitation of isolation and confinement in a long-duration exploration mission, the neuroufunctional state of 6 crewmembers was studied by synchronous registration of cerebral electrical (EEG) and energy (permanent potential level (PPL)) activities of the brain. Two baseline investigations predicted high adaptability of all crew members and low probability of depletion of the adaptation reserve in the experiment. During isolation, dynamics of neurofunctional correlates of the cerebral activity was generally proportionate to the factors the crewmembers were affected by. Events epochal to the crew gave rise to physiological reactions both of the metabolic and electrical activity of the brain. On week 54, crew physiological adaptation to the experimental environment was manifested by decreases in PPL without interhemispheric asymmetry and absolute ?-power. All through the experiment none of the crew members showed signs of a distinct stress-reaction (? -activity asymmetry with a significant PPL decrease) supporting our prediction of low probability of adaptation reserve depletion in participants in the 520-day isolation and confinement study.
Key words: isolation, permanent potential level, electroencephalogram, stress-reaction, ?-rhythm topography.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-14–20
|
|
|
Pastushkova L.Kh., Kashirina D.N., Kononikhin A.S., Starodubtseva N.L., Dobrokhotov I.V., Tiys E.S., Larina I.M. Proteomic analysis of urine under controlled salt intake in project «Mars-500»
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 21–26.
Specifics of urine proteome is sensitive to a multitude of factors. One is nutrition or entrance in organism of main nutrients including salt (NaCl). Purpose of the investigation was to study the proteomic composition of healthy human urine in the controlled environment of a 105-day isolation experiment (project «Mars-500») with various levels of salt intake. Analysis was performed using the present-day proteomics techniques based on chromatography-mass spectrometry and bio-informatics options. An attempt was made to correlate changes in processes and physiological systems with the controlled salt intake. As a result, a list of proteins directly responsible for different salt intake during the experiment and then a list of tissues where these proteins express predominantly were compiled; besides, analysis of the processes these proteins are involved in was performed.
Key words: salt intake, urine proteome, isolation, healthy people.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-21-26
|
|
|
Kupriyanova M.S., Usik Ì.À., Ogneva I.V. Content of cytoskeleton proteins in oocytes of third generation Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies obtained after a 44.5-day space flight
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 27–34.
Third-stage larvae of the third generation of Drosophila melanogaster Canton S fruit flies were obtained after a 44.5-day flight of spacecraft «Foton-Ì4» (Russia, 2014). In laboratory, the larvae grew into a third generation of flies. On the second day of emergence ovaries were extracted from female flies (group pF). Similarly, a third generation of flies (group C) was raised in the synchronous experiment.
Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the content of cytoskeletal proteins and mRNA of respective encoding genes.
The content of mRNA genes encoding beta (Act57B and Act87E), gamma-actin (Act5C), acting-binding proteins (Arpc3, Tmod, Svil, Fim and Actn), and tubulin (Betatub85D) and tubulin-binding proteins (Msps, T-cp1, Cct5, T-cp1eta) was less in group pF but not in the control group.
The relative content of actin cytoskeleton components reduced significantly both in membrane and cytoplasmic fractions in group pF as compared to group C; however, reduction of the cytoplasmic fraction was more dramatic. On the contrary, content of beta-tubilin, a component of the tubulin cytoskeleton, reduced more significantly in the membrane fraction in group pF but not in group C. However, the acetylated tubulin content of ovarian membrane or cytoplasmic protein fraction was found unchanged both in the pF and C groups. The data suggest the presence in animal cells, oocytes specifically, of a mechanism regulating segregation of these proteins depending on external mechanical factors.
Key words: microgravity, oocuyte, cytoskeleton, actin-binding proteins, tubulin-bindings proteins.
DOI: 10.26187/0233-528X-2016-50-4-27-34
|
|
|
Konovalova I.Î., Berkovich Yu.À., Erokhin A.N., Smolyanina S.O., Yakovleva O.S., Znamensky A.I., Tarakanov I.G., Radchenko S.G., Lapach S.N. Substantiation of optimal lighting regimes for plants in space greenhouse «Vitacycle-Ò»
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 35–41.
A 3-factor experiment with 24-d vegetation of Brassica chinensis L. crops demonstrated the dependence of dry mass yield on lighting regimes provided by a lamp composed of white (color temperature 4000 Ê) and red (660 nm) LEDs (light-emitting diodes). Experimental data were used to build regressive dependences of plant dry mass and optimal light criterion (product of dry mass and photosynthesis efficiency) on 3 LEDs lamp parameters: photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), red and white PPFD ratio, and pulse period. The following LEDs light parameters were found to be optimal for the Chinese cabbage: time-averaged PFD – 500 µmol/(m2•s), red and white PPFD ratio – 1.5 and pulse period – 501 µs. Considering the wattage rating for projectible vitamin greenhouse «Vitacycle-T», continuous light should have PPFD = 430 µmol/(m2•s), rPPFD/wPPFD ratio – 1.5 and continuous light.
Key words: space greenhouse, optimal growth light, light-emitting diodes, light spectrum, pulse light, crop yield, regressive analysis, experiment planning.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-35-41
|
|
|
Nikolaev V.P., Komarevtsev V.N. Specifics of gas bubble formation and growth in tissues during decompression after saturation dives
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 42–47.
It is shown that the decompression schedule after saturation dives to a depth of 30 m designed to hold the nitrogen supersaturation for the most "slow" tissues at the acceptable levels is significantly shorter than the decompression schedules with zero supersaturation of these tissues with nitrogen and all dissolved gases. Equality of the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) onset under this decompression schedule to the risk of DCS onset under the rapid ascent to the surface after saturation dives to a depth of 6.1 m indicates that the effect of the high ambient pressure decreases the concentration of seeds of gas bubbles in tissues and their subsequent growth rate. The DCS symptoms in experienced divers under dangerous decompression profiles not appear due to the lower concentration of gas bubble seeds in their tissues relatively to the average level inherent to the many of humans.
Key words: gas bubbles, decompression sickness, decompression schedule.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-42-47
|
|
|
Deshevaya Å.À., Novikova N.D., Shubralova E.V., Polikarpov A.N., Krasnov N.A. Cleaning of metal surfaces from microorganisms-biodestructors by combined use of ultrasound generator «Pascal» and air decontamination unit «Potok»
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 48–53.
The effort was made to assess the feasibility to remove microorganisms from surface of materials with the help of high-intensity ultrasound generator «Pascal» and further air decontamination using unit «Potok». The test data guided construction of a system capable to eliminate completely a mature association of microorganisms from aluminum surfaces. The combined use of 2 units resulted in total decontamination of atmosphere.
Key words: ultrasound cleaning of surfaces, inactivation of microorganisms.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-48-53
|
|
|
Clinical Investigations
Vasin A.L., Shafirkin A.V., Sasonko M.L. Method for analysis of heart rate regulation strain by application of the overall logarithmic index to the Holter electrocardiogram monitoring
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 54–62.
Studies of human adaptation to extended exposure in extreme environments necessitate the development of integral indexes for quantitative evaluation of the functional systems of organism. The study was performed using an integral overall logarithmic index to analyze changes in heart rate variability (HRV) over 20-hour monitoring of patients examined in a hospital. HRV-evidenced adaptation processes were compared to the data of Holter monitoring of patients and normal values for healthy people under 30 years of age.
Key words: overall logarithmic index, heart rate variability, spectral parameters, adaptation, autonomous regulation.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-54-62
|
|
|
Methods
Klimarev S.I., Sinyak Yu.E. Combined ultra-high frequency unit for in-stream water purification
|
|
|
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2016. V. 50. ¹ 4. P. 63–66.
An engineering solution proposes to merge an ultra-high frequency energy unit and an electrolyzer. The broad wall of a rectangular waveguide is one of electrolyzer electrodes and has holes for liquid. Another electrode is located outside the waveguide under the waveguide holes. The teflon sterilization chamber inside the waveguide has the form of a volumetric component that covers part of the broad wall and transforms to a lateral at a 30–45° angle to the waveguide wall.
The idea of this design is to reduce decontamination temperature for liquids containing spore-forming microorganisms below 100 °Ñ at normal pressure, and to retain the nutritional properties of liquids.
Key words: ultra-high frequency (UHF), UHF-device, electrolyzer, sterilization chamber, decontamination, liquid, water.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2016-50-4-63-66
|
|
|