CONTENTS
Reviews
Karpova O.I., Rozanov I.A., Shved D.M., Gushin V.I., Karapetyan A.S., Potapova K.V. Psychological support to the crews of a piloted space system: history, goals, objectives and effectiveness
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Psychological support to the crew is crucial for the space mission accomplishment, and cosmonauts' professional longevity. In advance of remote space exploration mission we need to sum up the accumulated knowledge and lessons. The paper gives a retrospect of the psychological support to space crews and highlights its basic goals and methods.
Key words: piloted space missions, psychological support, the history of psychological support in space flights, the effectiveness of psychological support for astronauts.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 5-14.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-5-14
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Bubeev Yu.A., Usov V.M., Kryuchkov B.I., Altunin À.À., Dolgov P.P., Mikhaylyuk M.V. Use in isolation studies of the virtual and augmented reality technologies to model egresses into open space without tether
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Analysis of realistic prototypes of a propulsive survival backpack (PSB) and current human-PSB models gave impetus to the development of original tools for designing the scenery and PSB application scenarios with consideration of the VR and 3D experiences in isolation studies and operators' training. Specifically, the authors created several VR/AR scenarios of emergency egress for participants in isolation studies.
Key words: isolation studies, virtual reality, augmented reality, virtual environment, egress, extravehicular activity, tether, survival backpack.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 15-28.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-15-28
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Yusupova A.K., Shved D.M., Gushin V.I., Chekalina A.I., Supolkina N.S. Effectiveness of the crew–mission control communication on the stages of adaptation to the conditions of long-term space mission
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In space experiment CONTENT, content-analysis was used to study speech communication between cosmonauts onboard the International space station (ISS) and the Mission control center (MCC) in different mission periods in context of time perception, chronodeficit and work schedule. It was stated that the reaction to chronodeficit affected crew communication with MCC consistently though variously depending on an individual communication style. Analysis of the frequency of crew comments in the Use-of-Time category enables to define the most challenging periods of psychological adaptation for cosmonauts with particular communication styles.
Key words: crew communication, content-analysis, communication style, adaptation to mission, time perception.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 29-34.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-29-34
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Ponomarev S.A., Shulguina S.M., Kalinin S.A., Antropova E.N., Rykova M.P., Orlova K.D., Kutko O.V., Shmarov V.A., Vlasova D.D., Sadova À.À. State of the human innate immunity cell component during 120-day isolation in a pressurized module
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Innate immunity was investigated in six 28 to 44 y.o. volunteers for 120-d isolation in controlled environment. Peripheral blood samples gathered during isolation were analyzed to determine monocytes and granulocytes expressing intracellular (TLR3, TLR8, TLR9) and surface (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6) TLRs, and lymphocytes-natural killers (CD3-CD16+CD56+). The system of pattern-recognition cell receptors displayed a heterogenic reaction with primary activation throughout the period in isolation. The observed changes represent evidently the processes of establishing a dynamic balance of immunity with extreme factors of the life in isolation and confinement, including the reactions to endogenous and exogenous stimuli.
Key words: toll-like receptors, pattern-recognition receptors, monocytes, granulocytes, immunity system, isolation.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 35-42.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-35-42.
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Markina E.A., Zhuravleva O.A., Kuzichkin D.S., Agureev A.N., Markin A.A., Zhuravleva Ò.V., Vostrikova L.V., Zabolotskaya I.V., Loguinov V.I. Lipid exchange dynamics in test-subjects of a 5-day dry immersion experiment
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Blood samples from six 25–40 y.o. male subjects in a 5-d dry immersion (DI) experiment were analyzed for cholesterol, cholesterol of high- (HDLP), low- (LDLP) and very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoproteins À1 (àpoÀ1) and apolipoproteins  (àpîÂ), non-esterified (free) fatty acids (NEFA), ?-hydroxibutyrate and phospholipids. Atherogenic indices were calculated, as well as the ratios of cholesterol, àpîÂ/àpîÀ1 and cholesterol/phospholipids. No significant changes in cholesterol or lipoprotein fractions were determined. Increases in the triglyceride level and apoB/apoA1 ratio as harbingers of incipient atherogenesis showed up on the final day in DI and disappeared two days later.
The process of readaptation to normal conditions is accompanied by the development of a stress reaction characterized by increased use of lipid substrates (phospholipids, ?-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA) for energy synthesis.
Key words: space medicine, dry immersion, lipid metabolism, cholesterol, atherogenesis.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 43-47.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-43-47
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Zhuravleva T.V., Nichiporuk I.A., Bubeev Yu.A., Chistokhodova S.A., Zhuravleva O.À., Markin À.À. Psychological, neurohormonal and metabolic characteristics of the SIRIUS-18/19 members' adaptation to the 120-day isolation in a pressurized module
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In the SIRIUS-18/19 project, psychological, neurohormonal and metabolic adaptation to 120-d isolation was studied with participation of 3 male and 3 female subjects at the age of 28 to 44 years.
Mood assessments and biochemical investigations attested to a moderate stress. After 63 days of the life in isolation, weighing showed a significant loss of the body fat mass; blood analysis pointed to activation of lipolysis and atherogenesis. Homeostasis was relatively stable despite mobilization of deposited fats and shifts in metabolic reactions. These changes in energy metabolism and reactions to the extreme factors should be taken into consideration during planning of future isolation studies in order to minimize potential cardiac risks.
Key words: personal adaptive potential, emotional stability, dispositional and situational subjective vitality, general wellbeing index, psychological, hormonal and biochemical stress markers, energy metabolism.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 48-55.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-48-55
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Koloteva M.I., Glebova T.M., Salnikov A.V. Investigation of female tolerance of the head-to-foot g-loads on a short-arm centrifuge before and after 8-day isolation
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The main purpose of the pioneered Russian study was to compare tolerance of head-to-foot g-loads (+Gz) by female and male subjects rotated on a short-arm centrifuge before and after 8-d isolation using the subjective and objective data. Results of the investigation demonstrated compatibility of g-tolerance by men and women. However, during the runs before isolation heart rate in female subjects grew significantly in comparison to the male subjects. Though higher in women, dynamics of blood pressure measured at the earlobe and arm was not statistically different from the male data.
Key words: males, females, gender difference, head-to-foot g-loads (+Gz), short-arm centrifuge, artificial gravity, counteraction to the adverse effects of microgravity, long-term space missions.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 56-62.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-56-62
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Demin A.V., Suvorov À.V., Orlov O.I. Characterstics of healthy men hemodynamics in a hypomagnetic environment
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Hemodynamics was studied in essentially healthy resting 8 male subjects exposed to an experimental hypomagnetic environment (HME). The cardio-respiratory system functioning was evaluated by 8-hour continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) fluctuations during every cardiac cycle, Kerdo autonomic index (KAI) and blood oxygenation (SpO2) in the Earth's natural magnetic field and a field attenuated in approximately 1,000 times.
Comparative analysis of the measurements made in the control and HME tests elicited different trends. Thus, the HR average reduction amounted to 4 bpm; BP dropped significantly, i.e. diastolic BP by 11 mmHg and systolic BP, 16 mmHg on average. In HME, KAI rose commonly 20 %. Hemoglobin saturation did not change. The paper contains graphic interpretations of the KAI dependence on duration of the HME exposure.
Mathematical modeling suggests a physiological interpretation of these results. More often than not sitting at rest in HME reduced substantially the modulating effect of parasympathetic regulation on the cardiovascular system in comparison with the control test in the normal geomagnetic field.
Key words: hypomagnetic environment, cardio-respiratory system, blood pressure, heart rate, Kerdo autonomic index, blood oxygenation, personified space physiology.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 63-68.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-63-68
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Sorokina L.A., Buynov L.G. Investigation of the effectiveness of concurrent application of central nervous system electrical tranquilization and peptide bioregulator cortexin in improvement of the human statokinetic stability
Abstract
P. 69
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The paper deals with effectiveness of 2-wk electrical tranquilization of the central nervous system (CNS ET) combined with peptide bioregulator cortexin in improvement of the statokinetic stability.
Statokinetic loads were modeled using the standard test of continuous Coriolis accelerations accumulation (CCAT). Cortexin was applied intranasally twice a day at the dose of 5 mg. It was shown that CNS ET together with cortex extends the CCAT tolerance and alleviates sensory, autonomic and somatic components of statokinetic reactions. Tolerance time was the longest immediately after the course; over 3 months tolerance returned gradually to initial length.
Key words: functional condition, professional effectiveness, statokinetic stability, electrical tranquilization.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 69-76.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-69-76
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Miroshnikov A.B., Shmyrev V.I., Kalenova I.E. Non-medicamental methods of rehabilitation power athletes with arterial hypertension: randomized controlled investigation
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The paper discusses the effects of high intensity interval aerobic training on blood pressure, body composition, oxidative ability and muscle strength in strength-power athletes of different weight classes.
Subjects of examination and physical rehabilitation were 55 hypertensive heavy-weight athletes of comparable age and clinical findings who were randomized into the main (n = 35) and control (n = 20) groups. The main group trained 120 days (3 sessions per a week) on a bicycle ergometer following a high intensity interval; the control group trained in parallel but following the traditional strength developing protocol.
Before and on completion of the physical rehabilitation, the sportsmen were interviewed and underwent medical examination including a triple blood pressure measurement, bioimpedometry, ergospirometry, body index calculation, and the test for maximal voluntary strength of m. quadriceps femoris.
The rehabilitation improved bioimpedometry parameters, reduced blood pressure noticeably (systolic BP by 4.7 % and diastolic BP by 5.6 %), increased oxygen consumption and quadriceps femoris strength.
Investigations showed that the high intensity interval training has a medioprophylactic effect on the cardiovascular system.
The authors developed an aerobic training protocol for safe and successful hypertension prophylaxis and therapy in athletes.
Key words: arterial hypertension, physical rehabilitation, powerlifting, aerobic exercise, high intensity interval training.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 77-83.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-77-83
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Shutov D.V., Arzamasov K.M., Drozdov D.V., Demkina A.E., Drogovoz V.A., Vladzimirsky A.V., Morozov S.P. Technical solutions for individual tele-monitoring of the functional state of organism
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We performed analysis of the available Russian home-use health monitoring devices that can be connected to a smartphone or pad for data transfer. Specifically, we sought for the gadgets capable to register heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, blood glucose, and respiration rate.
There are three options of data processing and storage. Namely, these are storage in and authorized access to the manufacturer's site with minimal opportunity of data handling and interpretation; an autonomous server to hold and handle big data sets and, finally, access protocols and templates enabling gadget integration with external services.
Key words: telemedicine, physiological data, remote monitoring, medical device.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 84-89.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-84-89
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Deshevaya E.A., Bychkov V.B., Malakh M.P., Orlov V.O., Shubralova E.V. Experience of handling on the ISS technical components of research equipment «Bar». Chapter 1. Acoustic components
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The paper presents the results of operational testing of two acoustic components of research equipment «Bar» (a leak detector and ultrasound analyzer) onboard the ISS Russian segment. It was found that the ultrasonic (US) background noise interferes in leak search; besides, it exceeds dramatically the adopted noise level constraint thus impacting crew health and efficiency, and oral communication. The narrow-band noise spectra were measured and the expressed tone property of the US noise was demonstrated. The authors make the point that the present noise level constraints for space habitats do not take into account all realities of the life of cosmonauts and lack a solid medical and acoustic background.
Key words: noise, environmental characteristics, ultrasound background, surface of hermetic enclosure, shell material.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 90-97.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-90-97
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Brief Comminications
Lebedeva S.A., Shved D.Ì. Comparison of the human psychophysiological status in the conditions of simulated microgravity without countermeasures and during rotation on a short-arm centrifuge
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We performed a psychophysiological comparison of two groups of subjects under modeled space microgravity: one was not offered any countermeasure and the other, rotated on a short-arm centrifuge. Speech analysis and cognitive testing revealed changes at the onset and during acute adaptation. Some of the speech parameters correlated well with the results of cognitive and sensorimotor testing.
Key words: speech analysis, cognitive tests, functional condition, microgravity, short-arm centrifuge, dry immersion, stress.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2021. V. 55. ¹ 2. P. 98-101.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2020-55-2-98-101
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Chronicle and Information
Orlov O.I., Belakovsky M.S. Russian academy of cosmonautics named after Ê.E. Tsiolkovsky – 30 years
P. 102
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