CONTENTS
Reviews
Grigoriev A.I., Orlov O.I., Potapov A.N. Role of the native space medicine and physiology in exploration of outer space
|
|
|
The review emphasizes that native space medicine will be focused on biological, physiological and psychological aspects of the human being in light of preparation for next milestones in space exploration. The current knowledge and expertise serve as a solid ground for new concepts and technologies that will safeguard humans against risks and events they will inevitably encounter in an unfamiliar world.
Key words: space missions, space medicine, gravitational physiology, spaceflight factors, modeling spaceflight factors and environment, medical support and countermeasures, radiation safety.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 5-20.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-5-20
|
|
|
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Gornostaeva A.N., Buravkova L.B. Immunomodulator sensitivity of innate immunity cells in healthy human subjects during 21-day dry immersion
|
|
|
Sensitivity of natural killers (NK) to the immunosuppressive effect of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was investigated in vitro a 21-d dry immersion (DI) study with participation of normal human subjects. DI affected the NK sensitivity to IL-2 and IL-15 stimulation, expression of activating markers HLA-DR, CD314 and CD226, total paracrine activity and production of key anti-inflammatory mediators such as MIP-1b, MIP-1a, RANTES, IL-1a, IL-1b, etc. Prior to DI, the MSCs action on NK showed itself as suppression of late activation. During DI, the MSCs effects grew weak; however, interaction with MSCs smoothed out DI influence on the paracrine activity by stimulation of cytokines secretion. Therefore, DI decreased the NK sensitivity both to the activating stimuli and MSCs.
Key words: dry immersion, natural killers, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, immunomodulation, intercellular interactions.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 21-28.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-21-28
|
|
|
Sheblaeva A.S., Solovieva Z.O., Rukavishnikov I.V., Nosovsky A.M., Tsarev V.N., Podporin M.S., Bystrova O.V., Lovtsevich S.M., Ilyin V.Ê. Comparison of the bacteriological method and mass-spectrometry of microbial markers for quantitative estimation of human parodentium microbiota in a dry immersion study
|
|
|
The paper deals with comparative investigation of the conventional bacteriological method (CBM) and a relatively new technique of microbial markers determination by mass-spectrometry (MS-MMs) from the standpoint of microbiological monitoring of the parodentium and other oropharyngeal surfaces.
Data of the investigation performed with participation of human subjects in a 7-d dry immersion study brought to light the strong and weak points of each approach and demonstrated MS-MMs effectiveness in quantitative assessment of periodontal pathogens and oral microbiome.
Key words: dry immersion, parodentium, mass-spectrometry of microbial markers, bacteriological method.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 29-33.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-29-33
|
|
|
Rodina A.V., Zhirnik A.S., Vysotskaya O.V., Smirnova O.D., Semochkina Yu.P., Ratushniak M.G., Cheshigin I.V., Moskaleva E.Yu. Cellular and molecular markers of neuroinflammation and state of cognitive functions in a delayed period after prolonged γ-, n-irradiation of mice at low doses
|
|
|
The study aimed to investigate the effect of low-dose rate (2.13 mGy/h) prolonged γ,n-irradiation at 0.05 and 0.5 Gy on brain microglia, expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, behavior and cognition of C57Bl/6 mice two months and one year after exposure.
The decrease in the number of resting microglia and the increase in the proportion of activated microglia in brain cell preparations were observed after γ,n-irradiation at a dose of 0.5 Gy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the increased number of microglia cells and unaltered number of astrocytes in the hippocampus after γ,n-irradiation at both doses. Expression of TNFα and IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the hippocampus was increased after irradiation at both doses. Expression of TGFβ and IL-4 anti-inflammatory cytokine genes was decreased two months after irradiation only at a dose of 0.5 Gy, suggesting more intensive neuroinflammation.
Analysis performed a year later revealed an age-related decrease in the number of resting microglia and increase in proportion of activated microglia compared to young animals, with more profound changes in male mice. The state of microglia in control and irradiated mice was similar one year after exposure. Neither two months nor one year after irradiation the impairments of motor activity and spatial memory of mice were detected; nevertheless, mice irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy demonstrated anxious behavior and decreased spatial learning in Morris water maze one year after exposure.
In summary, we showed that γ, n-irradiation at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 Gy induced neuroinflammation two months after exposure. No difference from the control mice was observed one year after irradiation. Disturbances of behavior and spatial memory of irradiated mice were not detected.
Key words: microglia, hippocampus, neuroinflammation, cytokines, neutrons, prolonged irradiation, cognitive impairments.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 34-43.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-34-43.
|
|
|
Sventitskaya Ì.À., Ogneva I.V. Change in the content of cytoskeletal proteins in mouse oocytes after injection of essential phospholipids in the condition of modeled microgravity
|
|
|
The paper presents evaluation of the effect of different doses of essential phospholipids on the cytoskeleton of mouse oocyte microtubes and microfilaments cultivated on a microgravity simulator.
Total content of acetylated alpha-tubulin and beta-actin was determined by immunocytochemistry.
After the cultivation in modeled microgravity, the relative content of acetylated alpha-tubulin was decreased, whereas the beta-actin level remained unchanged. Injection of essential phospholipids (350 mg/kg of body mass) caused recovery of this parameter in the conditions reproducing the effects of microgravity.
Key words: modeled microgravity, oocytes, cytoskeleton, essential phospholipids.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 44-48.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-44-48
|
|
|
Zibarev E.V., Bukhtiyarov I.V., Kravchenko O.K., Klimov À.À., Ivashov S.N. Role of fatigue of civil aviation aircrews in genesis of aviation accidents
|
|
|
Input of various risk factors into aviation accidents (AAs) was examined using the circumstance study reports of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC).
In the period of 2010–2021, IAC investigated 89 AAs with heavy aircrafts (HA, maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg) including 65 vehicles manufactured in Russia and 18 vehicles manufactured by foreign companies, and also 6 AAs with aircrafts belonging to foreign air transport companies. The study reviewed the data on AA occurrence, number of the injured and causative factors.
It was concluded that 49.7 % AAs were associated to a degree with the human factor. For instance, 8.4 % AAs were due to an error caused by fatigue because of circadian rhythm disruptions. The most important contributors to the risk are night flights, both high and low workload, work schedule, length of rest period and annual leave, and environmental factors (noise) that individually and in combination may increase the AA risk in 3 to 5 times.
Key words: aviation accident, pilot, aircraft, workload, risk factor.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 49-62.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-49-62
|
|
|
Moiseev Yu.B. Character of injuries pilots sustain from ejection in the modern period
|
|
|
The paper discusses pilots' injuries following ejection. Structure and character of injuries in the time interval between 2010 and 2020 were essentially identical to those documented previously between 2003 and 2010. There is an upward trend in the rate of severe arm injuries; on the opposite, the rate of leg injuries tends to decrease. Also, there is some difference in the causes for injury. Occurrence of injuries due to issues with the survival equipment increased in 2.4 times, and the adverse effect of air counter-flow that was not the case earlier. On the contrary, injuries following parachuting decreased in 4.7 times. A new cause of severe traumas is an arm-restraint system of the ejection seat.
Key words: ejection, pilot, air emergency, injuries, impact overweight, parachute landing.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 63-66.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-63-66
|
|
|
Deshevaya Å.À., Fialkina S.V., Guridov À.À., Shashkovsky S.G., Kireev S.G., Khamidullina N.M., Zakharenko D.V. Use of pulse uv technologies for providing microbiological cleannes during preparation for missions that need to comply with the planetary protection requirements
|
|
|
High-intensity UV flows can be used for deep decontamination of irregular shaped open surfaces of automatic spacecrafts. Procedures and conditions for elimination of UV-tolerant spore bacteria from different materials (polymers, photosensitive matrixes, semiconductors, metals etc.) were defined experimentally.
Level of surface contamination that can be eliminated completely by xenon UV light source UIKb-01 Alfa was established.
Key words: spacecraft components, landing (descent) module, planetary protection, pulse UV radiation, microorganisms, spore bacteria Bacillus.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 67-74.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-67-74
|
|
|
Krivonogov I.A., Solovieva Z.O., Skedina M.A., Ilyin V.K. Tinctorial and morphological properties of microbial objects for construction of an electronic atlas within the system of automated analysis
|
|
|
The authors present the results of automated analysis of gram positive and gram negative cocci and bacilli (Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria spp., Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli) for a database that facilitates detection of changes in normal microflora and diagnosis of disbiotic conditions of various human biotopes.
Following the standard sample preparations and Gram staining, microbial smears were investigated using an automated and computerized analyzer developed by the Mintz Radio Engineering Institute in Moscow.
Morphological and tinctorial analysis established significant differences in cell area, perimeter and limit. Significant differences in tinctorial properties of microbial cells make possible image research using the RGB and HSV color spaces.
Automated analysis enables identification of microbial cells simultaneously by digital images of morphological and color/brightness parameters.
The proposed techniques can be helpful in constructing an electronic microflora atlas of various human biotopes.
Key words: human microflora, morphological parameters, tinctorial properties, automated image processing.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 75-81.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-75-81
|
|
|
Orlov O.I., Proskurina O.V., Yasnetsov Vik.V., Skachilova S.Ya., Shtemberg A.S., Yasnetsov V.V. Investigations of the antihypoxic activity of new compound lkht 3-21 in experiments with animals
|
|
|
In experiments with mice under various models of acute hypoxia a new synthesized compound LKhT 3-21 (50 mg/kg) showed a distinct antihypoxic activity. In comparison to mexicor (50 mg/kg), this compound increased lifespan in a hermetic chamber, under hemic hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia by 107 %, 47 %, and 70 %, respectively. LKhT 3-21 exceeded mexicor in the effect against acute normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia (in 1.9 times), acute hemic hypoxia (in 1.4 times) and acute histotoxic hypoxia (in 1.6 times).
Key words: acute hypoxia, new compound, antihypoxic activity, mice.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 1. P. 82-85.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-1-82-85
|
|
|
Orlov O.I., Belakovskiy M.S. In memory of a teacher and a friend
Leonid Sergeevich Bobe is 90 years old
|