CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Zakharov S.Yu., Baranov M.V., Kaspransky R.R. Effect of the total spaceflight time for career on the structure 0f morbidity and severity of clinical course among veteran cosmonauts by the results of comprehensive medical examination
|
|
|
Data of medical examination of former pilot-cosmonauts (PCs) were compiled within the Longevity project. We compared 12 PCs of similar age but differing in total spaceflight time. Analysis was aimed at detecting a hypothesized connection of diagnosed diseases to the length of time spent in orbit. As for now, the present PCs sample is not enough to refer the detected pathologies to age-related diseases or detrimental consequences of the space factors.
Key words: cosmonauts, examination, morbidity analysis, total time spent in space missions.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 5-10.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-5-10
|
|
|
Fomina E.V., Ganicheva À.À., Kokueva Ì.À., Ustiugov V.N. Predicting physical performance of cosmonauts: pioneering experiments on selection of a mathematical model
|
|
|
Changing from orbital flights to exploration of remote space will require development of an automated onboard system of monitoring, optimization and predicting cosmonauts' physical performance. The paper proposes a method of predicting the physiological cost of work using the data about daily training with the help of machine learning methods. Mathematical models were constructed for 3 cosmonauts assigned for 6-month missions. Prediction was made using the linear regression, decision trees and random wood. Model quality was assessed and retraining confirmed using R2 (proportion of the explained dispersion). The highest value of metrics R2 = 0.61 was calculated for the random wood. Distance covered in the treadmill passive mode was found to make the largest contribution to the predicted value.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 11-17.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-11-17
|
|
|
Saveko A.A., Netreba A.I., Shved D.M., Shpakov A.V., Rozanov I.A., Gushin V.I., Tomilovskaya E.S. Crew functional capacity evaluation while extravehicular activity after long-term isolation experiment in the ground-based space station model
|
|
|
During interplanetary expeditions, the crew must adapt not only to gravity transitions but also to long-term stay in a limited space of a space station. In such conditions, it develops a significant decrease in motor activity and the formation of a special stereotype of movements in these conditions. Within further planning of ground-based and real interplanetary missions, it is appropriate to assess the impact of these factors on the crew's functional condition, including when modeling lunar gravity using suspension and virtual reality (VR) technologies. The purpose was to determine the functional capabilities of 5 members of the international crew of the 240-day SIRIUS-21 isolation experiment when performing an extravehicular activity (EVA) after 4 and 6 months of isolation in the hermetic facility.
During EVA, the crew performed basic motor tasks using VR on an uneven surface: positional tests, voluntary and tandem walking, walking when avoiding and stepping over obstacles, and verticalization from lying and standing on one knee positions. In addition, the EVA scenario included the tasks of controlling the rover while the hands unloading, as well as moving on a sliding surface in a VR environment when the body lunar vertical unloading. In this study, we presented results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of video recording data and qualitative analysis of the electromyographic activity of the muscles of the lower extremities.
The results indicate a sufficient level of functional performance of SIRIUS-21 crew members – all the EVA tasks were completed by the crew in full, while no cases of significant loss of balance and signs of pronounced locomotor and vestibular disorders were registered. At the same time, this paper highlights some features of the crew's EVA performance – the effects of sensorimotor training on some tasks with repeated EVA experience, the most common errors, and difficulties in performing the tasks of the EVA scenario.
Keywords: functional capacity evaluation, virtual reality, extravehicular activity, gravitational unloading, isolation experiments, space model, HTC Vive.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 18-27.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-18-27
|
|
|
Ermolaev E.S., Parshin K.S., Shulaguin Yu.A., Zaripov R.N., Diachenko A.I. Effect of 21-day dry immersion on ventilation response of the respiration system to increasing hypercapnia
|
|
|
Effects of 21-d dry immersion (DI) on ventilation response to increasing hypercapnia were studied using the Starr "calm down" breathing. Ventilation response to ÑÎ2 (SVÑÎ2) and changes in the respiration capacity due to growing hypercapnia (SVtCO2) were measured before, during and on completion of 21-d DI. Measurements in the course of DI included residual pulmonary volume (RPV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and CO transfer-coefficient of the lung (KCO).
SVÑÎ2 and SVtCO2 were determined within the CO2 partial pressure range of 45 - 60 mm Hg in the end-exhaled air (PETCO2). Since the subjects breathed an oxygen gas mixture and the hypoxic response could not develop, SVÑÎ2 was determined by PETCO2 only. On DI days 13 and 19, group-average SVtCO2 was significantly (ð < 0.05) higher than the baseline value by 0.023 ± 0.019 and 0.018 ± 0.016 l/mmHg, respectively. On DI day 13, SVtCO2 was significantly (ð < 0.05) higher by 0.020 ± 0.023 l/mmHg when compared to DI day 8. Throughout the DI study, the CO2-related apneic threshold tended to rise; on DI day 13, the threshold was significantly higher (Ð < 0.05) when compared to the value on DI day 8 (by 3.09 ± 4.07 mmHg). There was also a significant increase (Ð < 0.05) of the breathing capacity at the apneic threshold on DI day 13 when compared to the baseline value (by 6.47 ± 7.09 mmHg) and on day 8 (by 7.27 ± 9.15 mmHg). TLP decreased significantly (Ð < 0.05) on DI day 13 when compared to day 8 (by 0.14 ± 0.13 l).
Key words: ventilator response to ÑÎ2, respiration capacity, increasing hypercapnia, dry immersion.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 28-34.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-28-34
|
|
|
Supolkina N.S., Gushchin V.I., Shved D.M., Yusupova À.Ê., Savinkina À.Î., Chekalina A.I., Kotov O.B., Savenko Î.À. Special features of cosmonauts' styles of communication with the Ìission control center under various workload levels
|
|
|
Space experiment CONTENT was focused on studying the spacecrews communication with the Mission control center (MCC) using the content-analysis methodology. It was established that on hard work days the amount of communication increased, as did the frequency of coping strategies. Models of communication styles and coping analysis used in data interpretation were adequate for description of the crew-MCC interactions during usual and intensive work loads. In the course of critical operations, such as EVA, docking etc., or emergencies profiles of the coping strategies remained relatively stable within personal styles and correlated with the routinely observed styles; however, frequency of negative emotions and conflict tension in crew communications increased. Knowledge of crew communication patterns can help detect early signs of the psychological defense activation and select individualized methods of prompt psychological support.
Key words: crew communication, content-analysis, communication styles, flight workload, communication effectiveness.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 35-43.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-35-43
|
|
|
Vilchinskaya N.A., Turtikova O.V., Mirzoev T.M., Shenkman B.S. Differentiation of myoblasts isolated from rat's m. soleus following tail-suspension is accompanied by p27kip1 dephosphorylation and aggravation of apoptosis
|
|
|
Apoptosis and its control during differentiation of primary myoblasts isolated from rat soleus muscle after 7-d tail suspension were investigated.
Primary myoblasts were first subjected to myogenic differentiation. TUNEL labeling of double-strand DNA breaks was applied to detect apoptotic cells during myoblast differentiation. Western blot was used to determine the apoptosis markers and a number of signaling molecules, i.e. protein BAX, activated caspase-3, phospho-AMPK (Thr172), phospho-AKT (Ser 437), phospho-p27Kip1 (Thr198), phospho-p27Kip1 (Thr157). PCR analysis was used to investigate the expression of pro-apoptotic markers in myoblasts. The investigation showed enhancement of apoptosis as well as ÀÌÐÊ and p27Kip1 dephosphorylation in the process of differentiation of myoblasts taken from m. soleus of tail-suspended rats.
Key words: m. soleus, myotubes, gravitational unloading, apoptosis, ÀÌÐÊ, ÀÊÒ, p27Kip1.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 44-51.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-44-51
|
|
|
Komissarova D.V., Ilyin V.K., Usanova N.A., Morozova Yu.A., Priputnevich T.V., Muravieva V.V., Bairamova G.R., Mikhanoshina N.V. Status of vaginal and cervical channel microbiota in female participants of isolation studies of varying duration
|
|
|
Isolation studies model such spaceflight factors as a prolonged stay in a closed environment, psycho-emotional strain, continuous microbial exchange, unusual diet and hygiene. We analyzed the data about vaginal and cervical microflora from female participants in two isolation studies without means of dysbiosis prevention. According to results of the investigation, isolation conditions affect the microbial status of the vagina and cervical channel, as the number of opportunistic species, both facultative and strict anaerobes, increases and the number of protective species decreases. These shifts in microbiota of the lower genital tract imply high risks of dysbiotic disorders and the need to develop preventive means, including probiotic substances based on autologic strains of vaginal lactic acid bacilli.
Key words: microbiology, vaginal microflora, probiotics, space medicine, microbiota.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 52-57.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-52-57
|
|
|
Soldatov P.E., Mednikova E.I., Gurieva T.S., Dzhalilova D.Sh., Tiurin-Kuzmin A.Yu., Shulaguin Yu.A., Morozova Yu.A., Krychenkov D.A., Soloviev A.I. Integrated assessment of animals in the course of modeling maintenance conditions onboard spacecraft Bion-M2 with various experimental types of diet
|
|
|
One of the major approaches to studying spaceflight effects on living systems is flying experimental with animals. IBMP is developing scientific equipment for experiments with animals on spacecraft BION-M2. Among numerous aspects of maintaining animals, the most essential is water and type of diet. On BION-M1, mice consumed a paste-like food that caused some undesirable effects. We decided to use dry pellets combined with slightly gelled water (1.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose) that will simplify a drinker substantially.
We thought it would be useful to assess the dependence of mice wellbeing on diet under the conditions onboard spacecraft series BION-M. We tested 3 pellets of varying content, and a paste-like food that had been used in the space experiments. For the purpose of testing and gathering the ground control data, a chamber was designed in which microclimate and air composition dynamics imitated those in space missions as close as possible. The 33-day test was performed with 75 adult male white mice Balb/.
There was no fundamental difference in the condition of animals fed with pellets and paste-like food. In future, we intend to give mice pallets + gelled water with a useful mass of 8.8 g/day per a mouse. Useful mass of the paste-like food is two times larger, i.e. 16.6 g/day per a mouse. Pattern of microbial contamination looks generally quite steady. What worries is a small increase of contamination of the gelled water pipeline; possible retrograde contamination from the drinker should not be ignored.
Key words: space experiment, laboratory mice, feeding pattern, gelled water, ground control experiment.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 58-67.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-58-67
|
|
|
Velichko V.V., Tikhomirov À.À., Ushakova S.A., Barsukova O.V., Khizhniak S.V. Increasing plant productivity by improvement of soil-like substrate air exchange as applied to the biological life support system
|
|
|
A possibility to increase productivity of radishes Raphanus sativus L. (cultivar Mokhovsky) growing on soil-like substrate (SLS) with the use of an inert desintegrator and forced aeration was investigated. Aeration quality was assessed using the fouling glasses. The main aeration quality criterion was presence or absence of mycelial fungi that cannot grow in anaerobic conditions. It was found that the desintegrator and SLS in the ratio of 1:3 increase substrate air permeability; besides, combination of the desintegrator and forced ventilation improves nitrogen nutrition of plants growing on SLS containing vegetable organics with an increased C/N ratio.
Key words: soil-like substrate, fouling glasses, life support system.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 68-76.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-68-76
|
|
|
Bondarenko V.A., Drobyshev S.G., Lishnevskii A.E., Mitrikas V.G., Khorosheva E.G. Absorbed dose rate measurements in different modules of the International space station using dosimeters Pille
|
|
|
Results of measuring the average daily absorbed dose in the ISS modules with the Pille dosimeters since November of 2003 to this day were analyzed. Absorbed dose dynamics was compared to dynamics of main space-physics indices and mean orbit altitude. The decreasing effect of additional protection of the right-board crew-quarters was shown. Comparison of absorbed dose rates in the RSA and NASA crew quarters point to the necessity to enhance protection of the Russian quarters.
Key words: space ionizing radiation, absorbed dose.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 77-83.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-77-83
|
|
|
Lashukov P.V., Plotnikov A.D., Pakhomova A.A., Ozerov D.S., Barantseva M.Yu., Ivatiunenko L.V., Mukhamedieva L.N. Investigation of volatile organic compounds of polymer composites under modeling thermal destruction
|
|
|
Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate dynamics of volatile organic compounds released by 6 coal plastics of a carbon fiber and epoxy binder proposed for internal structures of manned spacecrafts. It was established that temperature growth higher than 90 °Ñ increases migration and enlarges the spectrum of volatile organics, hygienically important aldehydes primarily, which is characteristic of autocatalytic radical depolymerization with production of volatile low-molecular-weight compounds. Kinetics of their off-gassing can be used to characterize destruction of the epoxy base of composite materials (CMs). Primary products of the thermo-oxidative destruction of these CMs are aldehydes and ketones; at 150 °Ñ and 180 °Ñ, concentrations of these compounds reached maximum levels and made up 98 % of off-gassed compounds.
Key words: off-gassing, polymer composite materials, thermodestruction, thermo-oxidative destruction, cromatography-mass spectrometry, epoxy binder.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 84-93.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-84-93
|
|
|
Yasnetsov Vik.V., Ivanov Yu.V., Karsanova S.K., Yasnetsov V.V. Investigation of anti-motion sickness activity of new nicotinic acid derivatives
|
|
|
Experiments with rats demonstrated that 2 new nicotinic acid derivatives LKhT 8-20 and LKhT 9-20 at a dose of 50 mg/kg have equally a distinct anti-motion sickness activity increasing by 2 times, when compared to the control, food consumption following rotation. The vestibuloprotective effect was higher in comparison with mexicor (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) at similar dose in 1.5 and 1.4 times, respectively.
Key words: motion sickness, new nicotinic acid derivatives, anti-motion sickness activity, rats.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2023. V. 57. ¹ 6. P. 94-97.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-6-94-97
|
|
|
Chronicle and Information
Ilyin Å.À., Ushakov I.B., Atiakshin D.A. On the centenary of Vsevolod Vasilievich Antipov – one of the founders of space biomedicine and radiobiology
P. 98
|