CONTENTS
Reviews
Artamonov À.À., Molodtsova D.V., Smirnova T.A., Konstantinova N.À. Systematic analysis of the electromagnetic radiation effect on expression of the heat shock gene with regard to the goals of space medicine
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Scientific publications were used to undertake systematic analysis of the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on heat shock gene expression in various bio-objects.
International normative documents assume that high intensity EMR (100 µWatt/cm2) causes expression of the heat shock gene and ensuing biological consequences. In Russia, the flux energy data level is taken to be 10 µWatt/cm2. Term "data level" means that the EMR bio-effect is not thermal by nature. However, Russian national standard GOST R 50804-95 containing the general medical-engineering requirements to cosmonaut's environment in a piloted spacecraft sets the maximum admissible level at 1000 µWatt/cm2 within the EMR band of 0.3–300 GHz.
Systematic analysis of the EMR effects within this band did not reveal expression of the heat shock gene. The investigation should be proceeded with the focus on the EMR non-heat bio-effects.
Key words: electromagnetic radiation, heat shock gene expression, heat shock protein, bio-objects.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 5-13.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-5-13
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Orlov O.I., Popova I.I., Reviakin Yu.G. Upgrading methodology and hard- and software for obtaining telemedicine video information in space flights
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The paper describes the telemedicine methods of video info acquisition from cosmonauts in the ISS RS using the available hard- and software for ENT, periodentium and teeth imaging and full examination in the course of mission, after extravehicular activities or dynamic flight stages, as well as in the pre-launch and post-landing periods within the program of space experiment LOR.
Also, the paper presents the results of computerized examination and tele-imaging of the upper airways tunica mucosa, pariodentium, tooth crown, auricle and middle ear.
Key words: telemedicine image transmission, on-board hard- and software LOR, graphical interfaces, medical images.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 14-19.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-14-19
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Vlasova D.D., Sadova A.A., Germanov N.S., Galina V.S., Shmarov V.A., Kutko O.V., Rykova M.P., Antropova E.N., Lysenko E.A., Orlova K.D., Ponomarev S.A. The impact of artificial gravity modelled in short-arm centrifuge on the expression of Tlr-associated genes of innate immunity
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Here, we report the changes in the expression of TLR-associated genes, genes of NF-kB, AP-1, and TLR4 pathways, genes coding for apoptotic proteins, cytokines, and chemokines, after rotation on the short-arm centrifuge. The study involved 10 almost healthy male volunteers aged 25-40. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from the testers’ blood before and after the exposure to the artificial gravity. The cells were incubated with TLR1-9 ligands for 24 hours to assess the monocytes’ reserve potential. The gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. In sum, no negative effect of rotation on the short-arm centrifuge on the functioning of TLR-associated branch of innate immunity was detected.
Keywords: Toll-like receptors, pattern recognition receptors, innate immunity, gene expression, short-arm centrifuge, artificial gravity, space medicine.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 20-26.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-20-26
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Fomina G.A., Salnikov A.V., Koloteva M.I., Glebova T.M., Lobanov Ê.À. Evaluation of the peripheral hemodynamics reaction to g-loads in the head-to-legs direction (+Gz) on a short-arm centrifuge with the method of doppler flowmetry
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We investigated peripheral arterial blood flow during exposure to the head-to-legs g-loads (+Gz) on a short-arm centrifuge (SAC). Purpose was to use some objective monitoring instruments for testing the hypothesis that the hemodynamic reaction to +Gz would be analogous to the reactions observed in the tilt test and/or the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) test. Six normal male subjects participated in 6 SAC runs with alternating interval g-loads of +1.27 Gz and +2.7 Gz. Blood flow in the femoral (FA) and medial cerebral (MCA) arteries was recorded continuously before, during and after runs with the use of Doppler flowmetry (Kardiomed device). It was found that +Gz centrifugation produced typical anti-gravity changes in hemodynamics, i.e. an increase in FA resistance and decrease in MCR resistance. In comparison to the records at rest, FA blood flow decreased 60 %; MCA blood flow changed insignificantly - no more than 10 % down. It was borne out that +Gz centrifugation has same effects as the Earth's gravity in standing humans, produces orthostatic blood pressure in the lower part of the body, and initiates the totality of anti-gravity hemodynamic reactions. Doppler recording was a quite useful source of data about the blood flow reaction to +Gz centrifugation.
Key words: microgravity, short-arm centrifuge, hemodynamics, orthostatic stability.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 27-32.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-27-32
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Perevedentsev O.V., Orlov Î.I., Chernogorov R.V. Application of recurrent neuron networks in prognostic assessment of medical monitoring data from participants in isolation study «SIRIUS-21»
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The paper deals with analysis of the possibility to apply artificial neural networks for health evaluation in the series of isolation studies launched at IBMP in 2017 (SIRIUS project). Indeed, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with an original architecture increased precision of forecasting health dynamics. Daily self check-ups by spacecrew members with the use of RNNs may help detect negative trends in organism and undertake preventive actions.
Key words: isolation study, simulation, space mission, check-up, recurrent neural network.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 33-38.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-33-38
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Pashkova D.V., Popova Yu.A., Fedorovich À.À. Functional state of the skin microcirculation bed in healthy females in the condition of dry immersion
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Functional state of skin microcirculation vessels was studied in female subjects during 3-d dry immersion (DI). Microcirculation was investigated on the forehead, shin, forearm, fingers and toes with the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and computer based video capillaroscopy.
LDF showed that DI induced local changes in the level of perfusion, largely due to an increased myogenic control of the microvascular tone. Video capillaroscopy detected an upward trend in the number of functioning capillaries after DI; dimensions of the pericapillary zone remained unchanged.
Key words: laser Doppler flowmetry, computer-based video capillaroscopy, dry immersion, microcirculation.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 39-46.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-39-46
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Kashirina D.N., Pastushkova L.Kh., Brzhozovsky A.G., Kononikhin À.S., Nikolaev E.N., Larina I.M. Effects of 3-day immersion on blood proteome in female volunteers
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Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze dried blood spots collected from 6 female volunteers in a 3-d dry immersion (DI) in order to detect proteins involved in acute adaptation of the female physiological systems. Sampling was performed before DI, every day in DI and on the next day after DI completion. Proteomic analysis evidenced an immediate reaction of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and proteasome degradation of proteins. On DI day-2, we saw a reaction of immune response proteins and decreased PEDF level, an angiogenesis inhibitor that controls many processes, including heart protection from injuries. On DI-3, the response was joined by proteins participating in processes of the complement cascade and coagulation, platelet degranulation, hemostasis, extracellular matrix formation, glycolysis, water-salt balance, antioxidant system, and the neutrophils involving defense response. It should be noted that levels of histidine triad 1 nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) and myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) that play an important role in cardiac adaptation to a volume overload were found increased on DI day-3. Two days after DI, proteins did not all had returned to baseline levels. Changes in the level of proteins involved in lipid metabolism were observed only after DI completion.
Key words: dry immersion, proteome, dried bood spots.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 47-56.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-47-56
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Kriushev E.S. Cerebral blood flow and state of some cognitive functions in healthy human subjects following 520-day isolation
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Six male volunteers at the age of 27 to 39 years were participants in an investigation of cerebral circulation and cognitive functions in a 520-d isolation study. Transcranial doppler ultrasonography was used for continuous recording the mean linear blood flow velocity in medial cerebral arteries (MCAs) at rest, during voluntary maximal breath-holding (hypercapnia), and cognitive tests.
After the long-term isolation, both MCAs retained a statistically significant increase of the standard deviation of blood flow velocity relative to the values at rest. This finding reflects changes in amplitude of blood flow fluctuations in response to physiological and cognitive tests. Cognitive functions and mean blood flow velocity in both MCAs were not affects by long-term isolation.
Key words: long-term isolation, cerebral blood flow, transcranial dippler ultrasonograhy, medial cerebral artery, cognitive tests, hypercapnia.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 57-64.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-57-64
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Sigaleva Å.E., Matchenko L.Yu., Pasekova O.B., Matsnev E.I., Gordienko K.V., Grishin V.I. Prospects for using the method of breathing normoxic argon/oxygen gas mixture for purposes of noise otoprotection
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Effectiveness of inhaled normoxic argon/oxygen mixture was tested with participation of volunteers with good initial hearing prior to white noise exposure (preconditioning). Results of comprehensive audiometry including measurements of tone threshold, delayed evoked otoacoustic emissions, otoacoustic emissions at distortion-product frequencies and short-latency auditory evoked potentials attested to the benefit of this method of otoprotection.
Key word: otoprotection, noise-induced hearing loss, noble gases, argon, preconditioning.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 65-73.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-65-73
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Yasnetsov Vik.V., Ivanov Yu.V., Yasnetsov V.V. Action of two new nicotinic acid derivatives on the level of hippocampus in rats
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Experiments on hippocampal slices in rats showed that new nicotinic acid derivatives LKhT 6-20 and LKhT 7-20 at 5 mM inhibited the ÑÀ1 orthodromic population responses by 43 ? 4 and 69 ? 5 %, respectively, whereas preparation of comparison mexicor in equal concentration inhibited the responses by 52 ? 4 %. Action of LKhT 7-20 exceeded LKhT 6–20 in 1.6 times and mexicor, in 1.3 times. Therefore, LKhT 6-20 and LKhT 7-20 inhibit synaptic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and pyramidal ÑÀ1 neurons. It can be inferred that hippocampus has a significant role in the central action of these new substances.
Key words: new nicotinic acid derivatives, population responses, hippocampus, rats.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 74-77.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-74-77
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Methods
Ilyin V.K., Kusacheva S.A., Safronova M.E., Ilyichev V.YU., Sashchenko I.I., Ishmanov V.S., Starkova L.V., Korshunov D.V. Development of a procedure for an automated investigation of energy characteristics of microbial fuel cells
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The paper in concerned with development of a procedure for experimental investigations of energy features of an ingenious tight microbial fuel cell model (MFC) in which the energy source is sludge, i.e. organic substances in bottom sediments. Authors consider the organization of electrical parameters collection and data handling program and give recommendations on the use of active sludge electrogenic properties in MFC. Excel tables with results of the investigations can be converted in graphics with the help of Python programs. The main graphic is the cell power dependence on time of operation. Choice of the Python language was driven by the desire to simplify the development of own databases of MFC substances and designs.
Key words: microbial fuel cells, active sludge, waste waters, experimental setup, Python programming language.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 57. ¹ 2. P. 78-85.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-78-85
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Chronicle and Information
Nicogossian A.E., Doarn Ch.R. The legacy of Anatoly I. Grigoriev in space medicine – an american perspective
Orlov O.I., Baranov V.M., Belakovskiy M.S. To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ivanovich Yazdovsky
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