CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Ilyin E.A. The psychological status of the polar explorers and its pharmacocorrection in condition of annual isolation at «Vostok» station in Antarctica
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-4-5-14
Ryumin Î.Î. Some issues of the psychological support to piloted interplanetary missions
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 15–20
Under discussion are some issues of psychological support on all the stages of piloted interplanetary mission including crew assignment, preparation, travel and post-mission rehabilitation. Categories of risks to the human mental work and behavior and their possible displays are elaborated. Differences in psychological perception of low Earth orbit (LEO) and remote missions are pinpointed. Ideas of improving the existing system of cosmonaut's psychological support to be equal to the challenges of remote missions by integration, specifically, such elements as controlled virtual reality and anthropomorphic robotics, and social adaptation on return are proposed. Traits essential to the crew commander are examined.
Key words: interplanetary mission, space crew, psychological support, selection, preparation, rehabilitation.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-4-15-20
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Kashirina D.N., Pastushkova L.Kh., Kononikhin A.S., Tiys E.S., Dobrokhotov I.V., Nosovsky A.M., Nikolaev E.N., Larina I.M. Analysis of the salt consumption effects on endothelial proteins in human urine during 105-day isolation
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 21–27
In order to analyze the effects of long-term isolation on urine proteins expressed in the endothelium, urine samples from 6 volunteers for a comprehensive 105-d isolation study were subjected to chromatography-mass spectrometry. Salt consumption was controlled and directed in the interval from 6 to 12 g per a day. Both the up-to-date proteomic techniques and bioinformatics tools were used. A total of 2037 proteins were including 164 proteins expressed predominantly by cells of the vascular endothelium. Correlation of the frequency of their appearance with salt consumption was established for each period of isolation. It was shown that frequency of beta-amyloid, endosialin, ÑD90, Í subunit of the lactate dehydrogenase tetrameric enzyme had a reliable linear correlation with salt consumption. Open databases were used for manual annotation of the most significant ones from the standpoint of the protein endothelium functions. Our results point to a weak effect of long-term isolation factors on the endothelium functioning.
Key words: hypodynamia, salt consumption, urine proteome, isolation, healthy people.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-4-21-27
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Kuznetsova P.G., Gushchin V.I., Natura E.S. The association between psychological stability and successful interpersonal interaction in isolation: theoretical and methodical aspects
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 28–33
Theoretical definitions of psychological stability of an individual are examined with the emphasis on main components of this complex characteristics. The focus is laid on the aspects of adaptation in a group, the reflection of psychological stability on preferred styles of interpersonal interactions in isolation and confinement specifically. The authors outline a three-stage psychological stability analysis on the cognitive, physiological and behavior levels and dwell upon the suite of tests used in the IBMP experiments with simulation of some space flight factors performed in 2011 on 2016 to collect objective data about strength and dynamics of personal psychological stability, as well as its relevance to successful interaction within isolated group.
Key words: psychological stability, self-regulation, isolated small group, coping-strategy communication, interpersonal interaction.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-4-28-33
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Plakhov N.N., Glaznikov L.A., Sorokina L.A., Buynov L.G. Aviation noise as a major adverse factor in the professional activity of carrier-based aircraft technical personnel
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 34–38
Aviation noise has a significant negative effect on technical personnel responsible for maintenance of carrier-based aircraft. The paper presents the results of physiological and hygienic assessment of aviation noise as a risk factor of auditory system pathologies and detriment of the functional mobility of oculomotor nerve processes. With extension of the length of service, exposure to high-intensity noise may cause the development of cardiovascular diseases. The authors substantiate the need of effective personal hearing protectors for technical personnel on aircraft carriers.
Key words: carrier-based aviation, technical personnel, aviation noise, specific and nonspecific effects on organism, personal hearing protectors.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-4-34-38
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Orlov O.I., Perevedentsev O.V., Mamonova E.Yu., Levanov V.Ì. Method of automated complex analysis of health and medical provision in extreme occupational environments
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 39–44
The paper presents an authors' method of automated complex analysis of medical information in a major industrial company comprising several divisions and operating in different regions including those with harsh climate, and unhealthy environment.
Automation of data acquisition, aggregation and analysis extends the number of indices and speeds up decision-making for optimization of processes and resources aimed to achieve the strategic goals in healthcare. In order to optimize the number of integral indices within multilevel hierarchy, synthetic indices related to various healthcare aspects were proposed at each level of abstraction.
The computer program calculates and renders integral indices of staff health and medical system quality, whereas geo-information technologies allow data binding to spatial co-ordinates and solve a problem of optimization of medical logistics.
Key words: automated analysis, medical care quality, healthcare in industrial production.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-4-39-44
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Nikolaev V.P., Sokolov G.M. Theoretical justification of efficiency of air recompression treatment schedule using the initial pressure of 4 ata
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 45–51
The theoretical justification of the effective action of Air Recompression Treatment Schedule using the initial pressure of 4 ata, exposure at this pressure during 1 hour and subsequent decompression to the ground level in the course of 5 days for the treatment of the patients subjected to the decompression sickness (DCS) onset is presented. The action of this schedule ensures the dissolution of the gas bubbles in the body tissues with a larger size than the commonly used therapeutic recompression schedules. At the same time, the patients receive a higher dose of therapeutic oxygenation, being completely protected from the threat of nitrogen narcosis and the toxic effect of oxygen in the lungs. Decompression completing this treatment schedule does not cause the supersaturation of slow tissues with nitrogen, which eliminates the possibility of new gas bubble formation in them and the appearance of new DCS symptoms.
Key words: decompression, decompression sickness, therapeutic recompression schedules, mathematical modeling.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-4-45-51
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Deshevaya E.A., Khamidullina N.M., Guridov A.A., Zakharenko D.V., Novikova N.D., Fialkina S.V., Orlov O.I. Execution of the planetary protection program within the scope of «Exomars-2016» mission
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 52–58
Microbiological measurements made at the very beginning of preparation of the Baikonur facilities for the «ExoMars-2016» launch campaign revealed severe contamination of surfaces and bio-aerosol in clean rooms and called for a plan of microbial content reduction to admissible levels. Execution of the recommended actions resulted in full compliance with the planetary protection requirements to the «ExoMars-2016» mission.
Key words: microorganisms, bio-contamination, technological complex, launch site, decontamination.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-4-52-58
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Smirnova T.A., Ilyin Å.À. Ethics of biomedical investigations and tests
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 59–68
The article deals with the ethical approaches to biomedical investigations and tests with human subjects aimed to extend the sphere of safe and productive activity of people in extreme environments. It expounds the basic provisions of international and national documents laying down the bioethic principles of biomedical investigations of humans. It also covers the issues of acceptability or admissibility of these investigations within comprehensive studies involving a broad variety of methods.
Key words: biomedical investigations, extreme environment, bioethic principles, reasonable risk.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-4-59-68
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Brief Communications
Yasnetsov V.V., Motin V.V., Yasnetsov Vik.V. Study of the role of the gaba-ergic component in the melatonin action on the animal cerebellum
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 4. P. 69–71
In experiments with surviving rat's cerebellum sections melatonin (5 mM) inhibited population responses of Purkinje cells on 69 ± 5 %. This effect of melatonin virtually annulled (94 ± 5 %) in the presence of picrotoxin (20 µM), a blocker of benzodiazepine-GABAÀ-chloride-ionophore receptor complex, and reduced significantly (68 ± 4 %) in the presence of saclophen (20 µM), a blocker of GABAB-receptors. Consequently, the melatonin effect is 5.3 times stronger in the presence of saclophen but not picrotoxin. We may conclude that melatonin is capable to inhibit the synaptic transmission between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells in rats. Interaction with the benzodiazepine-GABAÀ-receptor complex is a key and with the GABAB-receptor is secondary for the melatonin effect.
Key words: cerebellum, Purkinje cells, melatonin, picrotoxin, saclophen.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-4-69-71
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