CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Orlova K.D., Shmarov V.A., Zhirova E.A., Shulguina S.M., Vlasova D.D., Kotikova Kîòèêîâà À.À., Ponomarev S.À. Dry immersion effect on latent sensitization to food-borne and inhalation allergens
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It is well known that in space missions the human organism undergoes changes including those in the immunity system. The main effects of microgravity are the subject of analog studies such as dry immersion (DI). The paper deals with the results of testing the specific sensitization to food-borne and inhalation allergens by activation of basophils in essentially healthy volunteers for the DI experiments.
Six females participated in 5-day DI and 7 males participated in 7-day DI. Allergic anamnesis was collected using a purpose designed questionnaire with 21 questions. Peripheral blood was sampled to measure the degree of basophil activation in response to allergens in vitro using flow cytometry.
Results of the investigation evidence that DI alters basophilic reactivity induced by allergens.
Key words: basophil activation test, latent sensitization, microgravity, dry immersion, flow cytometry, allergy, food-borne and inhalation allergens.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 5-11.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-5-11
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Kiriy A.R., Shef Ê.À., Aleksandrova À.V., Antonov Å.À., Kovbasiuk I.E., Zaripov I.E., Poddubko S.V. Sanitary-microbiological monitoring of the environment in the SIRIUS-23 isolation study
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Sanitary-microbiological monitoring of the crew environment throughout the 365-day Sirius-23 study was aimed at timely detection and prevention of microbiologically unwanted developments. The obtained data about species composition and dynamics of the populations of bacteria and microscopic fungi provide an insight into the bioloading and composition of the microbial eco-system that will help planning the microbiological monitoring activities in future space missions.
Key words: sanitary-microbiological monitoring, isolation study, chamber microbiome, SIRIUS-23.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 12-19.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-12-19
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Ilyin V.K., Rykova M.P., Solovieva Z.O., Sadchikova E.R., Nosovsky À.Ì., Lovtsevich S.M., Tkacheva Å.Î., Krivonogov I.À., Skedina Ì.À. Investigation of the effect of prophylactic lactoferrin rinse on the parodontium of participants in a 5-day dry immersion study
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Purpose of the parodontium examination in a 5-day dry immersion (DI) study was a comprehensive assessment of the effects of a lactoferrin tooth rinse on the parodontium using microbiological and immunological investigations.
Test-subjects were 7 normal females aged 22 to 40 years selected by the IBMP Medical Expert Commission. Before and after the study, samples were gathered before breakfast prior to tooth brushing. In the course of the ID study, a lactoferrin rinse was first used 30 minutes prior to meal, then after each mea,l and before bedtime.
The test-subjects were divided into 2 groups. Four females used the rinse and the remaining 3 females were the controls.
Samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry of microbial markers and immunoenzyme analysis.
Statistical data analysis involved one-factor ANOVA for calculation of the correlation coefficient and establishment of interrelation between pariodontal pathogens and sIgA, and IL-6, IL-10 in the oral liquid.
The reliable changes in the oral cavity in the course of 5-d DI potentially could lead to inflammatory diseases of the parodontium. The lactoferrin rinse had a positive effect against the pariodontal microfora.
Key words: dry immersion, parodontium, microflora, immune system, lactoferrin.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 20-26.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-20-26
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Sharlo Ê.À., Tyganov S.A., Sidorenko D.A., Bokov R.O., Zaripova Ê.À., Nemirovskaya T.L. Inhibition of DHPR prevents decline of m. soleus strength in rats during 3-day functional unloading
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Muscle atrophy and loss of strength observed in hypokinesia may start soon after functional unloading began.
To explore these processes and develop countermeasures, a 3-day suspension experiment was fulfilled with Wistar male rats injected with nifedipine, a blocker of dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR). We used 3 groups with 8 rats in each: suspension (HS), supension + nifedipine (HSN) and control (Ñ).
Loss of m. soleus weight by 22 % was found in both suspension groups (p < 0.05). At the same time, DHPR inhibition during 3-day functional unloading prevented strength loss, junctophilin proteolysis, and Ñà2+ increase in m. soleus myoplasm and mitochondria. Nifedipine injected at the beginning of functional unloading keeps slow postural m. soleus from weakening.
Key words: atrophy, functional unloading, gianctophilin, soleus muscle, muscle strength.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 27-32.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-27-32
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Markina Å.À., Bobyleva P.I., Barantseva M.Yu., Buravkova L.B. Effect of 14-day unloading and re-adaptation on hematopoietic precursors from the distal and proximal parts of rat’s hindlimbs
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After space mission, blood composition of cosmonauts is noted to change. One of the reasons is the impairment of the bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis. We have studied of the effects of rat hindlimb unloading and readaptation on BM hematopoietic cells. Samples of rats’ femoral and tibial BM were used for analysis of hematopoietic colony-forming units (CFUs) following 14-d hindlimb unloading (HLU) and subsequent 14-d recovery of the reloading (HLU+R). HLU reduced the CFUs total count in tibial BM only, primarily in consequence of a decreased number of colonies of the common granulocytes and monocytes progenitor (CFU-GM). As for the hematopoietic precursors from femoral BM, there was a considerable reduction in monocyte (CFU-M) and erythroid (CFU-E) colonies. In tibial BM, there was a considerable reduction in bipotent granular-monocytes cells (CFU-GM) only. In femoral BM, all CFUs colonies returned to the basal level during the period of readaptation. In tibial BM, a significant activation of the growth of bipotent CFU-GM and unipotent (CFU-G and CFU-M) precursors was observed.
Therefore, the progenitor hematopoietic cells in various parts of rat’s limbs demonstrated different reactions to unloading and patterns of CFUs colonies restoration during readaptation. This can be a reason for the shift in the hematopoietic precursor profile and committed progeny due to exposure to the spaceflight factors.
Key words: hindlimb unloading, Wistar rats, bone marrow, hematopoietic CFUs.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 33-39.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-33-39
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Bogotskoy Ê.À., Tarasova Î.S., Panchin Yu.V. Pannexin 1 increases mouse cerebral blood flow response to hypercapnia but not to skin receptor stimulation
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Pannexin-1 (Panx1) is involved in purinergic control of many physiological and pathological processes. The purpose of the work is to study the Panx1 role in induced local and global changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mice. Two groups of mature male mice Ñ57Bl/6J (control) and with the global Panx1 knockout were compared in the response of CBF in the somatosensory cortex to mechanic stimulation of the whiskers (3 Hz, 50 s) and respiratory hyperñapnia (gas mixture with 5 % ÑÎ2, 5 minutes). Animals were anesthetized to enable registration of linear blood flow velocity using the laser speckle contrast imaging.
The reactions of CBF to whisker stimulation did not differ between the two groups; however, in the hypercapnic test, the increase in CBF in Panx1 knockout mice was less than in the control. The unequal contribution of Panx1 to the local and global increase in CBF may be due to the different amount of Panx1 in the cell types involved in the development of these reactions.
Key words: pannexins, cerebral circulation, barrel cortex, hypercapnia, mice.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 40-45.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-40-45
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Tipisova E.V., Ziabischeva V.N., Alikina V.A., Elfimova A.E., Moldovskaya I.N. Comparative gender analysis of photoperiodic dynamics of the thyroid profile, thyroid antibodies and dopamine in blood of people living in Arkhangelsk
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Investigation of the thyroid and dopamine-ergic system functioning in female population is of particular interest in context of the physiological relation between the thyroid gland and reproductive status, dopamine-ergic (DES) and hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid (HHTS) systems, and their dependence on photoperiod. Our purpose is to determine gender-related specifics of the HHTS and DES activities in essentially healthy people in the European North with consideration of the contrast photoperiod.
Participants were 40 people (20 men and 20 women at the age of 22 to 44 years) examined in four seasonal photoperiods (March, June, September, December). EIA was used to investigate serum levels of thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid autoantibodies (anti-TG, anti-TPO), and plasma dopamine; indices of iodothyronins peripheral conversion (PCI and PPCI) were calculated.
Averaged through the year values showed that levels of Ò3, Ò4, fÒ3, ÒH, antiTH, antiTPO, dopamine were higher and TTH, fÒ4, PCI (Ò4/Ò3), PPCI (fÒ4/fÒ3) lower in women in comparison with men. In contrast to men, women were more sensitive to photoperiodic dynamics. Thus, free iodothyronine fractions decreased in September and December, and PPCI in December. T3 made an increase by December, while Ò4 and antiTPO grew in September. High dopamine levels were more frequent in women than in men, in June in particular (35% and 20 %, respectively). Increases of dopamine in the period of maximal daytime were simultaneous with growth of the HHT activity. As daytime diminished, activities of these systems also decreased pointing to the common response to the seasonal photoperiodic dynamics. Sensitivity of the female HHT and DA systems to the daytime changes is likely related to the sex hormone production.
Key words: dopamine-ergic system, thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies, photoperiod, gender characteristics, North.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 46-53.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-46-53
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Kravtsova E.N., Meigal A.Yu., Kulgova E.D., Gerasimova-Meigal L.I., Dvorianchikov V.V. Effect of the bone conduction sound on the vertical standing of people with bilateral vestibular hypofunction in challehging sensory conditions
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Balance and spatial orientation impaired by bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) or microgravity can be restored with the help of galvanic and vibration stimulation of the vestibular apparatus. The paper presents a study aimed at testing feasibility to improve spatial orientation of people with BVH using the bone conduction sound.
Participants were young healthy people (n=34) and people with diagnosed BVH (n=24). Stabilometry was used to determine the trajectory length and area of the ellipse of the center of common pressure (CoP) in the following standing conditions: eyes open + solid surface (normal condition, OS), eyes closed + solid surface (CS), eyes open + foam rubber surface (OR), and eyes closed + foam rubber surface (CR).
It was established that in the BVH group the bone conduction sound shortened the trajectory significantly in all sensory conditions. The CoP ellipse area decreased in the challenging standing conditions (CS, OR, CR). In healthy people, the bone conduction sound shortened the CoP trajectory when standing CS, OR and CR only.
The positive effect of stimulation using the bone conduction sound in both groups is most probably based on the phenomenon of stochastic resonance. The fact that the vestibular function improved in the complicated sensory conditions primarily, can be associated with stimulation of the brain proprioceptors and an increased importance of the “egocentric” (longitudinal) body vertical.
Key words: bilateral vestibular hypofunction, sonic stimulation, stabilometry, sound of bone conduction, plantar reaction, Romberg test.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 54-60.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-54-60
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Yasnetsov Vik.V., Ivanov Yu.V., Karsanova S.R., Yasnetsov V.V. Anti-motion sickness effect of new heterocyclic compounds LKHT 1-22 and LKHT 4-22
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Experiments with rats showed that new heterocyclic compounds – derivatives of nicotinic acid LKhT 1-22 and LKhT 4-22 at a dose of 50 mg/kg – had a pronounced anti-motion sickness effect, as they increased food intake by animals following rotation in 1.8 and 2.1 times, respectively. The vestibuloprotective effect of these compounds excelled that of mexicor (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in 1.3 and 1.5 times, respectively.
Key words: motion sickness, new heterocyclic compounds, new nicotinic acid derivatives, anti-motion sickness effect, rats.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 2. P. 61-64.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-2-61-64
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Chronicle and Information
Belakovskiy M.S., Voloshin O.V. They fought for the Ìotherland and won. In memory of the Great Patriotic war (World War II) veterans from the IBMP.
Ushakov I.B. Radiation, space, IBMP (85th birthday to Aleksandre Venetsianovich Shafirkin and 60 years of his scientific career)
Sergey Olegovich Nikolaev is 85 years old
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