CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Lapa V.V., Ivanov A.I., Davydov V.V., Ryabinin V.A., Golosov S.Yu. Experimental testing of the operator's perception of symbolic information on the helmet-mounted display depending on the structural complexity of visual environment
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 5–8
The experiments showed that pilot's perception of symbolic information on the helmet-mounted display (HMD) depends on type of HMD (mono- or binocular), and structural complexity of the background image. Complex background extends time and increases errors in perception, particularly when monocular HMD is used. In extremely complicated visual situations (symbolic information on a background intricately structured by supposition of a TV image on real visual environment) significantly increases time and lowers precision of symbols perception no matter what the HMD type.
Key words: helmet-mounted display, flight factors, frequency characteristics, perception quality, information coding.
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Bulekbaeva L.E., Demchenko G.A., Ilyin Å.À., Erofeeva L.Ì. Structural-functional status of the lymph tissue of mice lymphatic nodes following the 30-day flight onboard spacecraft Bion-M1
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 9–14
The article reports the results of studying the lymph tissue of mesenteric and cervical lymphatic nodes in Ñ57BL/6N mice after the 30-day orbital flight onboard biosatellite Bion-M1. Histological and morphometric investigations revealed changes in the ratio of the nodes structural-functional zones and microstructure. Reductions in reticular cells, plasmocytes, macrophages and blasts in the nodes point to degradation of both humoral and cellular immunity.
Key words: space flight, microgravity, lymphatic nodes.
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Pastushkova L.Kh., Kononikhin A.S., Tiys E.S., Nosovsky À.Ì., Dobrokhotov I.V., Ivanisenko V.A., Nikolaev E.N., Novoselova N.M., Custaud Ì.-À., Larina I.Ì. Shifts in urine protein profile during dry immersion
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 15–19
The study was aimed at tracking the proteomic profile of urine in 8 normal volunteers to 5-day dry immersion (DI). The proteome composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on high-efficient on-line liquid nano chromatograph Agilent 1100; complementary information about the protein spectra was obtained by dint of mass-spectrometer MaXis Impact 4G and hybrid mass-spectrometer LTQ-FT. Functional associations between proteins and biological functions were analyzed using computer system ANDCell (Associative Networks Discovery in Cells).
A total of 256 proteins were identified; for 43 proteins difference in the detection rate during the baseline data collection and on DI day 4 exceeded 20 %.
Key words: proteomics, urine proteomic profile, proteins, dry immersion, mass-spectrometry.
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Grigorenko D.E., Aminova G.G., Erofeeva L.M., Shenkman B.S., Ilyin Å.À. Rearrangement of the lymph tissue in the mice spleen and jejunum wall during the ground-based reproduction of the conditions of animal maintenance in the biosattelite Bion-M1 mission
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 20–25
Purpose of the investigation was microscopic examination of changes in cyto architectonics of the spleen and jejunum lymph (immune) tissue in 19–20-week Ñ57BL/6N male mice exposed to some conditions their counterparts had lived in during the 30-d Bion-M1 mission (ground experiment). Local deviations in reactions of the morphofunctional zones of these organs were found. In the spleen, reaction in the centers of lymph nodules generation or the B-lymphocytes maturation zone grows strong. Changes in the cell composition of periarterial lymph sheaths that constitute the morphological site of T-lymphocytes accumulation suggest inhibition of its functional activity. Cell composition of the jejunum wall structure implies a decline of the jejunal immune activity. Our investigation of the organs taken from the ground control mice maintained in the flight BIOS-MLZh module evidences that unceasing noise, hypokinesia, isolation, and paste-like feed weaken general immunity of laboratory animals.
Key words: ground-based experiment, spleen, jejunum, lymph tissue, cellular composition.
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Ivanov À.À., Bulynina Ò.Ì., Molokanov À.G., Vorozhtsova S.V., Utina D.M., Severyukhin Yu.S., Ushakov I.B. Demonstration of likelihood of the negative effect of physical protection during total proton irradiation of mice
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 26–30
The experiments were performed with outbred CD-1 male mice (SPF category). Total irradiation at 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 Gy by protons with the average energy of 170 MeV was conducted in a level medical beam of the phasotron at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Investigations. Targets were 2 points of in-depth dose distribution, i.e. beam entrance of the object, and modified Bragg peak. As a physical protector, the comb filter increases linear energy transfer (LET) of 170 MeV entrance protons from 0.49 keV/µm to 1.6 keV/µm and, according to the bone marrow test, doubles the biological effectiveness of protons when comparing radiation doses that cause 37 % inhibition of blood cell formation in the bone marrow. Physical protection increases dose rate from 0.37 Gy/min for entrance protons to 0.8 Gy/min for moderated protons which more than in thrice reduces time of irradiation needed to reach an equal radiobiological effect.
Key words: protons, Bragg peak, in vivo, physical protection, comb filter, linear energy transfer, dose rate, bone marrow, spleen.
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Kartashov D.A., Shurshakov V.À. Calculation of radiation loads on the anthropomorphic phantom onboard the space station in the case of additional shielding
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 31–37
The paper presents the results of calculating doses from space ionizing radiation for a modeled orbital station cabin outfitted with an additional shield aimed to reduce radiation loads on cosmonaut. The shield is a layer with the mass thickness of ~6 g/cm2 (mean density = 0.62 g/cm3) that covers the outer cabin wall and consists of wet tissues and towels used by cosmonauts for hygienic purposes. A tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom imitates human body. Doses were calculated for the standard orbit of the International space station (ISS) with consideration of the longitudinal and transverse phantom orientation relative to the wall with or without the additional shield. Calculation of dose distribution in the human body improves prediction of radiation loads. The additional shield reduces radiation exposure of human critical organs by ~20 % depending on their depth and body spatial orientation in the ISS compartment.
Key words: space station, radiation, dose calculation, anthropomorphic phantom, radiation protection.
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Klimarev S.I., Siniak Yu.E. Investigation of the combined disinfectant effect of ultra-high frequency energy and silver on water in flow
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 38–41
The paper is dedicated to the results of investigating the combined effect of ultra-high frequency (UHF) energy and silver on contaminated water. Silver was used both in the ion form at the minimal concentration of 0.01–0.02 mg/l and solid state, i.e. a silver wire spiral.
The purpose was to determine UHF-regimes of the flowing water disinfection process in the presence of silver.
Key words: ultra-high frequency (UHF), UHF-device, silver, disinfection, microorganisms, water.
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Clinical investigations
Myznikov I.L., Burtsev N.N., Bondarenko N.V., Khamidullina A.Ya. Morbidity of submarine crew sailors in long-distance cruises
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 42–46
Morbidity among the personnel of a Kola-based (beyond the Arctic circle) atomic (ASM) and diesel-powered (DSM) submarines in the course of long-distance cruises in different waters of the world ocean was studied. Statistics was collected from the reports of submarine medical officers since 1969.
Levels and causes of morbidity were analyzed. According to the data of many years' observations, within the structure of primary diseases of military contractors on cruises the leading place has been occupied by respiratory disorders followed by skin and subcutaneous fat problems, and digestive diseases. Incidence of chronic diseases among ASM and DSM personnel was evaluated.
The authors raise the issue of dental care quality provided to submariners.
Key words: marine medicine, submariners, morbidity, Kola region beyond the Arctic circle, closed ecological system.
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Sterlikova I.V. On human body reaction to a changed geomagnetic background
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2015. V. 49. ¹ 4. P. 47–53
Purpose of the work was to test the concept about existence of a heliobiological relation in the Earth's middle-latitude region for which to analyze, as an example, frequency of circulatory disease exacerbation, mental and behavior disorders, and respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma). The subject and object of the experimental statistic survey have been dwellers of city of Murom (Vladimir region) located in middle-latitude geomagnetic region Ô ? 53°. The source material in the investigation was medical data of the Murom ambulance service and geophysical data of the Borok geomagnetic observatory (Yaroslavl region). The survey went on 3 years from February, 1985 till December, 1987 and coincided with the rise of the 11th solar cycle. The largest number of calls to the ambulance service due to acute circulatory condition, mental or behavior disorders, respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma particularly) and their fatal outcome fell on periods of long absence of high-frequency geomagnetic pulsation within the frequency range of human biorhythms.
Key words: geomagnetic background, heliobiological relations, magnetic storms, geomagnetic pulsation, exacerbation of circulatory diseases, mental and behavior disorders, respiratory problems, lethal outcomes.
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Discussions
Bogomolov V.V., Kuzmin Ì.P., Danilichev S.N. On the intracranial hypertension in astronauts during long-term microgravity
P. 54
Chronicles and information
Ilyin Å.À. Seventeenth meeting of the US/Russian Joint Working Group on the Space Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research
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