CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Kutina I.V., Bychkov V.B., Deshevaya Å.À., Shubralova Å.V. On noise level control in the Russian segment of the International space station
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 5–12
Statistic analysis of the acoustic spectra on the Russian segment of the International space station in the period of 2008–2015 was applied to a representative sample of noise measurements in the Service module (SM), functional cargo block (FGB) and mini-research module 1 (MRM-1). Noise level did not meet the established requirements in 90 % of measurements made in SM and MRM-1 and in 80 % of measurements in FGB. These results and conclusions in medical publications instigate to persist in noise mitigation inside the ISS modules. Effectiveness characteristic of an active noise-control method is discussed.
Key words: International space station, noise, noise effect on cosmonauts, spectrum, distribution, sound volume, noise control, active noise control.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-5-12
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Ponomarev S.A., Muranova A.V., Kalinin S.A., Antropova E.N., Rykova Ì.P., Koloteva M.I., Orlov Î.I.
Cell immunity indices in crew members of the «Moon-2015» project
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 13–19
Cell immunity was studied in 6 female participants in the “Moon-2015” project at the age of 25 to 34 years. Peripheral blood was analyzed for lymphocyte subtypes CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD3-CD16+CD56+, and monocytes and granulocytes that express signal recognition receptors of the Toll-like (TLR) family (TLR2, TLR4, TLR6) localized on the cell surface. Results of the investigation showed a distinct effect of short-term isolation on the immune system's ability to mobilize. Rotation on a short-arm centrifuge (SAC) together with 9-day isolation in a chamber caused diverse responses of the adaptive and innate immune systems. Apparently, they manifest a complex adaptation process in the innate and acquired immunity on the early stage of adaptation to isolation and also during exposure to +Gz accelerations (head-to-pelvis) on SAC.
Key words: short-arm centrifuge, isolation, chamber, lymphocytes, recognition receptors, monocytes, granulocytes.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-13-19
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Ivanov À.À., Mitsyn G.V., Timoshenko G.N., Bulynina Ò.Ì., Krylov A.R., Krasavin Å.À. Modeling on the phasotron protons beam of the neutron fields generated inside spacecraft
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 20–25
A model of the neutron component of the spacecraft internal radiation fields in the course of a powerful solar proton event was proposed. Field with a small input to the effective dose from protons and photons is generated in the beam of 660 MeV protons on the phasotron at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Researches in Dubna (Russia). The model can be used for experiments with bio-subjects chronically exposed to fractionated irradiation in neutron fields in the interest of spacecrew radiation safety.
Key words: protons, neutrons, phasotron, fractionated irradiation, photon radiation, secondary radiation.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-20-25
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Gurieva T.S., Dadasheva Î.À., Mednikova Å.I., Grushina Î.À., Filatova À.V., Sychev V.N. Muscular tissue development of the locomotor apparatus of Japanese quail chicks hatched and stayed alive 5 days in microgravity
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 26–29
The paper presents the results of comparative studies of locomotor muscles from chicks that passed embryogenesis and early postnatal phases in microgravity. Histological assay discovered some structural changes in muscles taken from the space flown group of chicks; the degree of these changes was dependent on length of microgravity and chick' housing conditions. For instance, elevated in histio-leukocyte infiltration in the stroma, atrophy and dystrophy with swelling and block destruction of myofibrils were found in muscles of the chicks developed in the absence of weight-loading. Structure of the locomotor muscles looked absolutely different in the 4-5 -day old chicks mounted on a centrifuge in individual small cages for the period of microgravity. Their muscle fibers elongated and changes were local by character. We can speculate that these changes could be reversible.
Key words: microgravity, Japanese quail chicks, muscular tissue, locomotor apparatus, histological investigations.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-26-29
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Yasnetsov V.V., Karsanova S.K., Yasnetsov Vik.V. Studies of the neuroprotective and anti-amnestic effectiveness of the combination of melatonin with 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 30–34
Experiments with rats showed that the combination of melatonin (5 mg/kg/d) and Russian medicament mexidol, a 3-hydroxypyridine derivative (25 mg/kg/d), excelled its components in the neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke modeled by bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries. In another model of the brain ischemia, i.e. the gravitational g-load, the combination of melatonin (5 mg/kg/d) with mexidol (25 mg/kg/d) or new 3-HOP derivative IBKhF-27 (25 mg/kg/d) demonstrated a neuroprotective effect that was stronger than of separate components. In the model of scopalamin-induced amnesia the combinations of melatonin (5 mg/kg/d) with mexidol (25 mg/kg/d) or IBKhF-27 (25 mg/kg/d) produced an anti-amnestic effect in mice that was stronger than of individual components. Therefore, the neuroprotective and anti-amnestic effects of melatonin combined with mexidol or IBKhF-27 are stronger than of any of these medicaments alone.
Key words: melatonin, mexidol, new 3-hydroxypyridine derivative IBKhF-27, combinations, neuroprotective and anti-amnestic effect.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-30-34
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Deshevaya Å.À., Khamidullina N.M., Novikova N.D., Polikarpov A.N., Guridov À.À., Îrlov Î.I. Choice of an effective disinfectant supppressing the whole spectrum of microorganisms contaminating surfaces in cosmodrome Baikonur rooms
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 35–40
The paper describes the stepped investigations aimed to identify an effective disinfectant capable to suppress the broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi detected on surfaces in clean rooms of the Baikonur technological complex. As a result, disinfectant EKOR (Novodez, Russia) was chosen and recommended for decontamination of clean room surfaces.
Key words: microorganisms, disinfectant, Baikonur technological complex.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-35-40
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Clinical Investigations
Glaznikov L.A., Buynov L.G., Nigmedzyanov R.A., Syroezhkin F.A., Sorokina L.A. Microcirculation of blood in the bulbar conjunctiva in patients with auditory system acubarotraumas
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 41–46
The anatomical and functional connectivity of ocular and brain vessels makes it possible to use indices of the bulbar conjunctiva blood supply to assess dynamics of microcirculation in the brain. Microcirculation in the bulbar conjunctiva was assessed in 87 people divided into 3 groups: with hearing loss of category 1 (group 1) and category II (group 2) and control (group 3). The slit-lamp biomicroscopy had the aim to find vascular and intravascular changes and calculate partial indices of vascular changes (VCI), intravascular changes (IVC), perivascular changes (PVC) and the total conjunctiva index (TCI).
Significant deviations in microcirculation diagnosed in groups 1 and 2 but not in the control group included increases of partial and total conjunctiva indices. For instance, for post-acubarotrauma patients (category II hearing loss) mean VCI on the afflicted side rated 11.5 and 8.5 on the normally hearing side; IVC – 8.0 and 5.75, respectively; PVC – 1.0 and 0.75, resperctively. In this group, TCI was equal to 20.5 on the affected side and 15.0 on the healthy side.
These results evidence that acubarotrauma causes not only loss of hearing but also impairs microcirculation of blood.
Key words: acubarotrauma, hearing system, microcirculation, conjunctiva, bradyacusia, explosive trauma.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-41-46
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Makarov I.A., Voronkov Yu.I. Effect of physical loads in supine position on intraocular pressure
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 47–51
Test-subjects were 19 young powerlifting people aged from 18 to 30 years. Strength training, i.e. the jerk in the supine position was performed either breathing in the usual way or holding breath simultaneously with straining. Ophthalmoscopy, laser scanning ophthalmoscopy and intraocular pressure measurements using a pneumatic tonometer were conducted before, during and after training. After jerks, intraocular pressure elevation was observed in all test-subjects; in three test-subjects the ophthalmic tone overpassed normal values. The ophthalmic tone was fitness-dependent and lower in well-trained subjects. Ophthalmoscopy of physically unfit subjects discovered increases in retinal vein diameters, disappearance of spontaneous venous pulsation in the optic disk in four subjects, and exaggerated hyperemia of the optic papilla.
The incentive for the investigation was documented unfavorable changes in the human visual organ in long-duration space missions.
Key words: powerlifting, orthostatic position, Valsalva maneuver, intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-47-51
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Information
Myznikov I.L., Miloshevsky A.V., Burtsev N.N., Ustimenko L.I., Askerko N.V., Matochkina À.À. Strategy-2020: medical aspect. Submarine crews
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2017. V. 51. ¹ 2. P. 52–57
The authors reviewed data array on crews of diesel submarine (n ? 4,5000) and atomic submarines (n ? 20,5000) from the annual reports of a naval formation Medical Service and Medical Board for the period from 2007 to 2015, and the chapter Medicine in the Social Strategy of the Russian Federation Military Force for the time period till 2020.
According to the authors, a new approach should be applied to the military personnel health rating. The paper emphasizes the importance of multifactor modeling for more precise long-range forecasting.
On the analysis of statistics in the reports, injuries are the cause of almost 50% of noncombatant deaths of submariners.
An overall number of crew members of diesel and atomic submarines entitled to the outpatient observation for clinical reasons can amount to 2–4 % and 7–12 % per a year respectively.
Key words: medicine, military force, social and hygienic monitoring, European North, health state, injury rate, lethality.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2017-51-2-52-57
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Orlov O.I., Belakovsky M.S., Ponomareva I.P. Contribution of doctor, cosmonaut, scientist V.V. Polyakov to space medicine (on the occasion of his 75th birthday)
Krugovykh V.V. On 20th anniversary of «Space Almanac»
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