CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Ryumin O.O., Voitenko À.Ì. Managerial professionally important qualities of the interplanetary crew commander: structure, assessment, development
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The paper speculates on selecting candidates for interplanetary crew commanders with the emphasis on must-have managerial qualities (MMQs) key for successful crew activities and control. The authors introduce the MMQs structure and approach to the MMQs assessment by the example of an AF command flight.
Psychological training is essential for MMQs development and high dependability of interplanetary crew commanders. The training program comprises familiarization with theoretical grounds, practicing various scenarios of team work and commander's role of a manager, and concentration on skills required for accomplishment of a specific mission.
Key words: interplanetary crew commander, selection, managerial must-have qualities, psychological training.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 5-10.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-5-10
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Vlasova D.D., Sadova A.A., Galina V.S., Guermanov N.S., Rykova M.P., Antropova E.N., Kutko O.V., Shulguina S.M., Orlova K.D., Shmarov V.A., Lysenko E.A., Ponomarev S.A. Effect of 21-day dry immesrion on expression of inborn immunity genes associated with the Toll-like receptors' signaling pathways
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Expression of inborn immunity genes was studied in 10 essentially healthy male subjects aged 24 to 32 years in a 21-day dry immersion experiment without countermeasures.
To evaluate the humoral immunity function, genes encoding Toll-like receptors, proteins mediating NF-kB, AP-1, Akt, TLR4; apoptosis proteins, and CLEC4E, HSPD1, PTGS2 were selected.
Fenol-cloroform extraction was used to obtain total RNA from peripheral blood monocytes CD14+. Subsequently, total RNA was reverse transcribed to generate cDNA for real-time PCR.
The results showed substantial changes in expression of these genes suggesting that changes in the TLRs function on the transcriptional level were at the very start of the immune response to 21-d DI.
Key words: Toll-like receptors, image-recognizing receptors. Inborn immunity, dry immersion, gene expression.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 11-19.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-11-19
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Vilchinskaya N.A., Rozhkov S.V., Komarova M.Yu., Dmitrieva R.I., Shenkman B.S. Effect of modeled gravitational unloading on soleus muscle satellite cells
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Markers of the satellite cells terminal differentiation in m. Soleus were analyzed following different periods of gravitational unloading simulated by rats' tail-suspension. Satellite cells were cultivated in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine levels of mTORc1, phospho-p70S6K, phospho-ACC, phospho-FOXO1 and phospho-FOXO3 involved in cells proliferation and differentiation. Desmin and ÀÌÐÊà1 expression was determined using PCR analysis.
It was shown that 7 and 14 days of tail-suspension lead to the increased intensity of satellite cells proliferation and activities of transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3 in rat soleus muscle.
Key words: m. Soleus, satellite cells, gravitational unloading, myogenic regulatory factors, desmin, ÀÌÐÊ.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 20-29.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-20-29
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Lebedeva-Gueorgievskaya K.B., Perevezentsev A.A., Kuznetsova O.S., Kudrin V.S., Mitrofanova O.V., Masanova A.A., Shtemberg A.S. Molecular, neurophysiological and integrative effects of the combined exposure to tail-suspension and ionizing radiation in rats
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Molecular mechanisms of the neurobiological effects of 10-d suspension combined with daily exposure to ?-radiation and carbon ions were studied in rats. Analysis of the molecular changes in hippocamp dopamine receptors revealed changes in irradiated rats including, specifically, intensive expression of monoamine oxidase À, substrates for which are serotonin, adrenalin, noradrenaline and histamine. The EEG spectral and amplitude-frequency characteristics were analyzed.
Comparison of primary EEG data regardless of rhythms brought to light a downward trend in the alpha frequencies. A similar trend was observed in the center frequencies and amplitudes of the most expressed peak, and the center frequency and amplitude of the delta highest peak. More anxious behavior and a somewhat quicker learning to fulfill the Morris tests and conditioned response of active avoidance in the shuttle chamber were in harmony with changes in metabolites of hippocamp dopamine and serotonin.
Key words: tail-suspension, irradiation, EEG spectra, dopamine receptors, hippocamp, rats' behavior.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 30-38.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-30-38
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Zatsepilin A.V., Khomenko M.N., Filatov V.N., Chistov S.D., Simukhin V.V., Kislyakov Yu.Yu. Psychophysiological aspects of executing supermaneuver flights
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Acceleration and g-load values were calculated based on the objective control data records of supermaneuver flights. Pilots filled out. The authors propose methods of psychophysiological training substantiated by the results of analysis of pilots' entries in a questionnaire addressing some psychophysiological aspects of flying supermaneuver aircrafts.
Key words: super-maneuverability, g-load, acceleration, spatial awareness, indication, psychophysiological training.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 39-45.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-39-45
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Pisarenko Yu.E., Chulaevsky À.Î., Rybnikova M.N. Up-t0-date approach to improvement of the system of professional psychological selection of military test-pilots
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The authors review the Russian and foreign concepts of psychophysiological selection (PPS) for test-pilots and ground the psychodiagnostic examination methods for applicants for test-pilots. The methods enable to reasonably well assess applicant's aptitude and by this means to reduce the risk of flights accidents.
Key words: professional psychological selection, test-pilots test-pilot profession specifics, must-have qualities, aptitude assessment.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 1. P. 46-53.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-46-53
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Ivanov I.V., Milanin À.À., Zhelty O.P., Stas Yu.V. Medico-psychological correction of emotional stress with hyperventilation: assessment of clinical effects and indications for application to pilots and combatants
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We analyzed psychotherapeutic effectiveness of and individual clinical reactions to hyperventilation sessions used for emotional stress correction in 517 patients including 211 pilots and 306 war veterans at the age of 22 to 52 years.
The hyperventilation method was recommended for pilots' treatment in hospitals and rehabilitation centers. However, the method may provoke convulsive activities in the brain and personal disorientation and, therefore, should be prescribed on the clinical evidence of benefit to an individuum with post-traumatic stress disorders, and lack of contraindications.
Key words: post-traumatic stress disorder, medico-psychological correction, hyperventilation session, indications and counterindications, psychotherapy, clinical reaction to psychotherapy, military pilots, war veterans.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 54-63.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-54-63
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Filatov V.N., Shishov À.À., Dvornikov M.V., Shishkin A.N., Ryzhov D.I., Nikiforov D.A. Hypobaric chamber «ascents» as a method of psychophysiological training for risky occupations associated with exposure to high-level hypoxia
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The paper summarizes the experience in hyperbaric psychophysiological training of a group of 29 paratroopers for descending from 10 000 m in the Far North. Paratroopers with normal endurance of moderate and mean hypoxia were «ascended» to 5,000-6,000 and 10,000 meters. «Ascent» to 10,000 m with the use of oxygen and protective equipment was performed with good tolerance.
Key words: hyperbaric chamber "ascent", psychophysiological training, high-altitude landing, hypoxia.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 64-72.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-64-72
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Burmistrov V.I., Ivanov I.V., Matkevich E.I., Praskurichiy Å.À. Analysis of the significance of factors contributing to the pilotless vehicle accident rate
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Analysis of the air accident rates of MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers from the Drone Crash Database in the period from 2001 till 2021 (12 countries, 174 accidents total) disclosed major factors, including human, for accidents.
The main reason was structural faults and manufacturing defects due to, probably, long time in service. Frequency of accidents due to errors of experienced pilot-operator's varied between 19.4% and 22.9 % and due to errors in the course of skill training, 60–64.7 %. To reduce the accident rate, pilot-operators need to be trained on cutting-edge VR simulators and challenged by atypical stress situations such as multiple causation.
Key words: flight safety, pilotless vehicle, accident rate, air accident prevention, external pilot, pilot-operator, human factor.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 73-84.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-73-84.
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Soldatov S.K., Dragan S.P., Bogomolov A.V., Pirozhkov M.V., Skryabin S.Yu., Gorodenko O.V., Sinelnikov I.A. Hygienic aspects of the noise generated by aerodrome facilities
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The paper deals with analysis of the technical staff acoustic environment in modern aviation facilities.
Measurements in 4 aerodrome sites were aimed to determine signal amplitude and temporal characteristics, spectral (octave band 2 to 16 000 Hz), and levels of total infrared, maximal (LÀ, dB) and equivalent sound (LÀeq, dB).
It was found that the aerodrome conditioner is a source of high-intensity wide-band noise with character and intensity dependent on the conditioner location and operation mode.
Noise measurements on esplanade and work stations during flight preparation of a fighter-bomber, and in the hanger with the aerodrome conditioner on showed that the equivalent sound varied in the range from 97 to 114 dB.
Health effects of this acoustic environment should be reduced using engineering controls and personal protectors.
Key words: aviation noise, aerodrome conditioner, noise indicators, noise control.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 85-89.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-85-89
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Methods
Matyushev T.V., Dvornikov M.V., Ryzhenkov S.P., Maksimova I.D., Rybina A.S., Malyshev A.D., Noskov R.G. Theoretical evaluation of the human decompression tolerance inside a depresserized hermetic cabin
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The paper presents an approach to evaluating decompression tolerance with the use of a model of gas dynamics in a partitioned aircraft cabin after loss of pressure. The model takes in decompression effects on a pilot as a function of flight parameters, cabin interior structures and mode of the pressurization system operation. Mathematical simulation of decompression due to loss of cabin pressure made it possible to define time of decompression, pressure differential between compartments, amount of oxygen to be supplied, and safe altitude.
The model can be instrumental to aircraft cabin designers in making a rational choice of pressurization and gas dynamics characteristics, as well as performance abilities in the event of loss of cabin pressure or evaluate risk level in specific cases to consider safety provisions.
Key words: depressurization, flow coefficient, decompression, stratosphere, simulator, physiological factors, altitude-decompression illness, hypoxia, barotrauma.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2022. V. 56. ¹ 2. P. 90-97.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2022-56-2-90-97
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Chronicle and Information
Baranov V.M., Belakovsky M.S. 100th birthday of Genin Abram Moiseevich
In memory of Streltsov Vladimir Vladimirovich – one of the founders of aviation medicine
P. 103
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