CONTENTS
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Esteemed colleagues!
In the past year, 2013, the founder and publisher of this journal - the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP) celebrated its 50th anniversary. The story of how all that went on you can read on the pages of this issue.
To an extent, the celebratory events drew the bottom line under the accomplishments made in the previous fifty years and contributed to not only by Russian but also international specialists, under the auspices of multinational scientific cooperation included. The result is well-known - today piloted cosmonautics stands firmly on its own feet, and long-duration missions on Earth's orbit have become somewhat like a routine matter. It signifies that at the present point of history not only did space medicine come into being and evolved into a serious discipline, but it has been quite successful with managing its main objective which is to ensure the continuous presence and work of the humans in space.
In view of the prospects that construction of populated outposts on the Moon will have got going by 2030 and a mission to Mars will set off roughly in 2040, it is clear that all of us will have to deal with lots of hard work and challenges some of which seem to be just a piece of fiction.
On the other hand, it is a good sign that in the nearest 10 years we shall have plenty of topics for publications and discussions on the pages of this journal.
In this connection, I would like to extend my words of enormous gratitude to a number of world-famous international experts in space life sciences, physiology and medicine: several of them joined the new Editorial Board while others gave their consent to membership in the Editorial Council chaired by academician A.I. Grigoriev, vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences and IBMP scientific leader. Understanding the specifics of our field of knowledge, I would like to point it out separately that we shall be glad if more of the international scientists join the ranks of the Editorial Board and Council.
To this I need to add that we are working on the bilingual (Russian/English) journal website that will comply with the standards of such international databases as Web of Science and Scopus. Indeed, from now on the whole of the editorial activities such as reviewing, editing and prepress processing of papers to be published will be consistent with these standards.
Another line of our pursuit is to provide, as you have, probably, noticed, a new look to the publication.
I believe that all these metamorphoses will raise the academic ranking of the journal materially and that it will not be long before it gets listed among the top-tier aerospace and environmental medicine periodicals. However, our ambition can be achieved only with the partnership of you, our esteemed authors.
With my whole-hearted wishes for good health and new successful researches!
Editor in chief
I.B. Ushakov
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Sychev V.N., Ilyin Å.À., Yarmanova Å.N., Rakov D.V., Ushakov I.B., Kirilin À.N., Orlov Î.I., Grigoriev À.I The Bion-M1 project: overview and first results
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 7–14
Biosatellite BION-M1 was launched on April 19 and landed on May 19, 2013. The mission program was largely a continuation of the earlier flown 11 BION projects, FOTON-Ì2 and FOTON-Ì3. The biosatellite was inhabited by a great variety of living organisms used for experiments and studies in gravitational physiology, gravitational biology, biotechnology, astrobiology and radiation biology, dosimetry and spectrometry. This was the first time in the history of national biology and physiology when male mice Ñ57bl/6 were chosen for a long-term space experiment focused upon molecular biology investigations. Unfortunately, because of technical failures during the flight a part of the animals were lost. However, the major objectives were attained through reconsideration of biomaterial division among investigators and completion of virtually the total scope of investigations.
Key words: biosatellite BION-M1, microgravity, mice, gerbils, microorganisms.
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Andreev-Andrievsky À.À., Shenkman B.S., Popova À.S., Dolguikh Î.N., Anokhin K.V., Soldatov P.E., Ilyin Å.À., Sychev V.N. Experimental studies with mice on the program of the biosatellite Bion-M1 mission
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Aviakosmicheskaya I Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 14–27
Purpose of the BION-M1 project was laying the evidence and technological basis for addressing the medical issues of future remote space exploration missions by humans. The program of researches with the use of mice was focused on elicitation of cellular and molecular mechanisms of the muscular, cardiovascular and immune reactions to extended exposure in microgravity. The comprehensive studies combined lifetime measurements with investigations of mice tissues and cells by dint of the cutting-edge morphological, biochemical and molecular biology techniques.
Males of mice C57/BL6 aged 4 to 5 months were chosen as the object of studies. They were distributed into the flight, ground control and two vivarium (laboratory control) groups and investigated immediately on return and after 7 days of readaptation. Some of the physiological functions were recorded throughout the flight.
To ensure wellbeing of the animals in the experiments and to enhance data quality, prior to launch the mice were specially trained so as to accommodate to the group living, eating space food, and in-flight stress factors. Those of the mice that were designated for lifetime investigations were tested and received training pre-launch.
Key words: biosatellite, microgravity, mice.
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Zavalko I.Ì., Boritko Ya.S., Kovrov G.V., Vinokhodova À.G., Chekalina À.I., Smoleevsky À.Å. Night sleep structural alteration as a function of individual strategy of adapting to 520-day isolation
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 27–39
Purpose of the work was to establish a relationship between trends in sleep alteration and individual adaptation to the stress-factors in the 520-day isolation study.
Psychological evaluations using a battery of motivation tests and L. Sobchik’s modification of the Luscher personality test, and Mirror coordinograph enabled to differentiate groups reacting to the stress on the pattern of «control» (G-1) or «search» (G-2) manifested in individual styles of behavior and operator’s activity. The 2 groups showed different dynamics of the night sleep structure. Difficulties with falling asleep in G-1 arose on the eve of «landing onto Mars» and end of the experiment, whereas in G-2 they were evident prior to the end only. Besides, the micro- and segmental sleep structures were more stable in G-1 suggesting the integrity of somnogenic mechanisms despite difficult sleep initiation.
Key words: experiment MARS-500, individual behavior and operator’s work style, polysomnography, sleep.
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Ushakov I.B., Bubeev Yu.À., Kotrovskaya Ò.I., Kvasovets S.V., Ivanov À.V. Unconscious components of the psychophysiological reactions of the participants in the experiment with 520-day isolation
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 39–47
Six participants in MARS-500 were examined in an effort to gather information about intrapersonal conflicts and life spheres with high emotional tension associated with participation in the experiment with extended group isolation. The investigation was performed using the operational analogy-based neuro-semantic psychodiagnostics which allows to regard the subconscious as a semantic filter with unstructured semantic information at the input and information structured by the inner world content at the output. The results shed light on the semantic structure of subjective experience and functioning of protective mechanisms, as well as organizational levels and modality of emotional experience. Prior to and after 520-day isolation, all the participants were shown to have intrapersonal conflicts and high emotional tension in the socio-professional sphere, caused by the family/sexual and interpersonal relations and self-rating, and concerns about life and health. On the completion of isolation, the psychoemotional tension reduced quantitatively in interpersonal relations and increased in family/sexual.
Key words: the subconscious, unconscious stimuli, neuro-semantic psychodiagnostics, intrapersonal conflict, psycho-emotional tension, extended group isolation.
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Pastushkova L.Kh., Kireev Ê.S., Kononikhin À.S., Tiys Å.S., Popov I.À., Dobrokhotov I.V.,
Custaud Ì.-À., Ivanisenko V.À., Kolchanov N.À., Nikolaev Å.N., Pochuev V.I., Larina I.Ì. Permanent proteins in healthy human’s urine in the experiment with 520-day isolation
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 48–54
Purpose of the study was to track permanent proteins of urine proteome in the 520-day isolation experiment at the IBMP Ground-Based Test Facility with controlled environmental parameters. Object of the investigation was urine sampled from 6 normal male subjects at the age of 25 to 37 years. Second morning aliquots were gathered during baseline data collection, on days 50, 93, 124, 153, 180, 251, 274, 303, 330, 371, 400 and 427 of isolation, and in 7 days after its completion. Samples were subject to chromatography-mass spectrometry; results were analyzed with the help of bioinformatics resources. The following 7 permanent proteins were observed in urine over the entire length of the investigation: epidermal growth factor, polymer immunoglobulin receptor, plasma serine protease inhibitor, protein AMBP, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1, collagen alpha-1 (vi) chain, serum albumin.
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Miloshevsky À.V., Myznikov I.L. Comorbidity profile of the Russian Northern fleet flying personnel disqualified for health reasons
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 47. ¹ 1. P. 54–58
Analysis of 202 medical histories of the Northern fleet naval pilots suggested the necessity to introduce the criteria of comorbidity number and formulation. It has been found that psychosomatic diseases (up to 60 % of the cases) with the pathogenesis engendered by stress factor remain the leading cause for medical disqualification of Northern fleet naval pilots.
The authors recommend changing over the nosologic diagnostics to physiological to optimize the aeromedical certification process.
Probabilistic modeling of chronic pathology pathogenesis may be viewed as a foundation stone for programming as part of the pilots’ anti-risk rehabilitation technology.
Key words: navy medicine, physiological adaptation, pilots, comorbidity, European North, analysis technique.
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Mitrikas V.G. Some results of statistical analysis of the dynamics of ionizing radiation dose fields in the service module of the International Space Station in 2000–2012
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 59–64
The on-going 24th solar cycle (SC) is distinguished from the previous ones by low activity. On the contrary, levels of proton fluxes from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are high, which increases the proton flow striking the Earth’s radiation belts (ERB). Therefore, at present the absorbed dose from ERB protons should be calculated with consideration of the tangible increase of protons intensity built into the model descriptions based on experimental measurements during the minimum between cycles 19 and 20, and the cycle 21 maximum.
The absorbed dose from GCR and ERB protons copies galactic protons dynamics, while the ERB electrons dose copies SC dynamics. The major factors that determine the absorbed dose value are SC phase, ISS orbital altitude and shielding of the dosimeter readings of which are used in analysis.
The paper presents the results of dynamic analysis of absorbed doses measured by a variety of dosimeters, namely, R-16 (2 ionization chambers), DB8-1, DB8-2, DB8-3, DB8-4 as a function of ISS orbit altitude and SC phase. The existence of annual variation in the absorbed dose dynamics has been confirmed; several additional variations with the periods of 17 and 52 months have been detected. Modulation of absorbed dose variations by the SC and GCR amplitudes has been demonstrated.
Key words: ionizing radiation, absorbed dose, International Space Station, shielding functions.
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Methods
Proshkin V.Yu., Êurmazenko E.À. Russian oxygen generation system «Elektron-VM»: hydrogen content in electrolytically produced oxygen for breathing by International Space Station crews
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Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2014. V. 48. ¹ 1. P. 65–68
The article presents the particulars of hydrogen content in electrolysis oxygen produced aboard the ISS Russian segment by oxygen generator «Elektron-VM» (SGK) for crew breathing. Hydrogen content was estimated as in the course of SGK operation in the ISS RS, so during the ground life tests. According to the investigation of hydrogen sources, the primary path of H2 appearance in oxygen is its diffusion through the porous diaphragm separating the electrolytic-cell cathode and anode chambers. Effectiveness of hydrogen oxidation in the SGK reheating unit was evaluated.
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Markov M. Yu.G. Grigoriev, I.B. Ushakov, Å.À. Krasavin, B.I. Davydov, À.V. Shafirkin 55 years of Space Radiobiology. M., 2013.
Chronicles and Information
Podolsky Ì.D., Tarakanov S.À., Kuznetsov V.I., Gaidukov V.S. Modern instruments for electrocardiogram monitoring with wearable electrodes
Medenkov À.À., Nesterovich Ò.B. Human resources in the space activities (summary of the discussions at the XLVIIIth Scientific readings in memory of K.E. Tsiolkovsky)
Bystrova À.G., Kuz’mina A.Yu., Usachev À.B. On the results of the 61st International congress of aviation and space medicine
Denisov S.L., Romanov A.N., Pomelova Ì.À. On commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Bio-medical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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