CONTENTS
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Demin A.V., Zaripov R.N. Seasonal changes in gas exchange of gender mixed crew in conditions of 8-month isolation in a hermetic object with an artificial gas environment
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Within the framework of the international SIRIUS project, resting gas exchange studies were conducted in a gender mixed crew (3 men and 2 women), who stayed for a long time in a hermetic object with increased carbon dioxide concentration (not higher than 0.34 %) in an artificial gas environment. The results of measurements were used to estimate the minimum baseline oxygen requirements and carbon dioxide release in the crew at rest, in the supine position for 240 days of isolation during the simulation of the flight to the Moon in the SIRIUS-21 experiment.
It was determined that in the spring calendar season of 2022 the crew under conditions of isolation from the effect of seasonal geophysical environmental factors had a reliable increase in the level of oxygen consumption relative to the winter season of 2021/22, which is interpreted as preservation of the seasonal biorhythm of hormonal regulation of gas-energy exchange. The spring increase in oxygen consumption by the entire crew amounted to 200 ml/min. Total oxygen consumption of the crew at rest under simulated isolation conditions decreased by 0.33 L/min (22%) compared to natural environmental conditions (background).Total crew carbon dioxide release under the same conditions decreased by 0.04 L/min (4%) compared to background levels.
The results obtained in this work can be applied in the field of space and environmental physiology.
Key words: gas exchange in resting human, hypercapnic gas environment, long-term isolation, habitable hermetic object, gender mixed crew, seasonal biorhythms, SIRIUS-21 experiment.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 5-16.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-5-16
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Polianichenko À.À., Bobkov D.N., Riumin Î.Î. Dynamics of human cognitive functions while solving sophisticated dynamic cases in the condition of 21-day bed rest
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The paper deals with the study of psychophysiological tolerance of uncertainty in the process of solving sophisticated dynamics cases in conditions of periodic cognitive testing in the course of 21-day bed rest (BR, -6°).
The study was performed at IBMP in two stages, i.e. in October-September, 2021 and October-December, 2022. Psychophysiological and cognitive data were collected 7 days prior to BR (baseline), on BR days 3, 10, 17 and 21 on stage-1 and on BR days 4, 10, 16 and 21 on stage-2, and in 3 days after BR completion. Cognitive dynamics was analyzed using the sophisticated dynamic cases with elements of uncertainty (SW CleverBalls, Russia).
Tolerance of preset uncertainty as a sum-total of success scores grew more than 50 % in BR stage-1. In BR stage-2, analysis showed both a 39 % improvement and 38 % degradation of the group total-score. This disagreement between the results calls for further investigation.
Testing the aptitude to solve professional tasks with various levels of uncertainty may instigate development of countermeasures adaptable to individual psychophysiological demands and reactions.
Key words: bed rest, sophisticated tasks, tolerance of uncertainty, SW CleverBalls.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 17-23.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-17-23
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Sidorenko D.A., Lvova I.D., Sharlo Ê.À., Shenkman B.S. Blocking of ryanodine receptor oxidation prevents growth of proteolysis markers and decrease of protein synthesis parameters following 7-day hindlimb suspension in rats
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Real and modeled microgravity fairly rapidly causes atrophy of muscular fibers that has a negative effect on the muscle functioning. Atrophy is an outcome of decreased synthesis of protein and activation of proteolytic mechanisms. However, we still lack full understanding of how microgravity contributes to these changes.
One of the early molecular changes in the skeletal muscle under modeled microgravity is accumulation of Ca ions in myoplasm which, according to literary data, may be responsible for extent changes in molecular regulation as on the level of gene expression, so the activity of enzymic cascades. We hypothesized that drug S-107 that prevents oxidation and super-activation of ryanodine receptors would normalize Ca exchange and balance of protein synthesis and decay in postural m. soleus during 7-d hindlimb suspension in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups: control (Ñ), 7-day suspension (7HS) and 7-day suspension and feeding S-107 at a dose of 50 mg|1 kg of body mass (7HSS).
In 7HS, we observed considerable decreases of the soleus mass index and absolute muscle mass, reductions of ribosomal RNA ÐÍÊ 18S and 28S and growth in expression of mRNA ubiquitin E3 ligases Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. In group 7HSS, all these changes were fully or partly prevented, excluding growth of Atrogin-1 expression and loss in absolute muscle mass evidencing for the role of oxidation and excessive activation of ryanodine receptors in m. soleus atrophy due to the modeled microgravity.
Key words: atrophy, ryanodine receptors, suspension, skeletal muscle.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 24-30.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-24-30
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Popova O.V., Rusanov V.B., Nosovsky À.Ì., Orlov O.I. Employment of the distribution function in analysis of the cardiac rhythm variability
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Humans adapt to environmental conditions owing to complex mechanisms of regulation. Nonlinear physiological processes add plasticity to the physiological systems during adaptation. One of the methods to assess body functioning is analysis of the cardiac rhythm variability (CRV). Traditional linear approaches rely on static and spectral analyses to describe cyclic changes leaving out of account the fact that cardiac rhythm exemplifies a determinate chaos in biological systems. In this context, distribution function is an objective criterion for a more precise presentation of changes in regulatory mechanisms of the heart. Not denying the nonlinear methods, it adds information about
nonlinear dynamics in CR regulation.
Further investigations should be concerned with enhancement of algorithms of CRV data analysis and interpretation by employment of, in addition to the distribution function, other nonlinear methods.
Key words: distribution function, cardiac rhythm variability, cardiovascular system, functional condition.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 31-36.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-31-36
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Chistov S.D. Experimental evaluation of the sonic boom effect on the human functional condition and operator’s activity
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The experiment was devoted to justification of the hygienic standards for sonic booms by modeling effects of the 105 dB sound produced by a supersonic aircraft. Subjective perception and accessibility were assessed along with instrumental measurements of reactions of the hearing and balance organ, cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, and operator’s efficiency.
It was found that subjectively the sonic boom was perceived as 21 % less loud than a similar broad-band noise. The number of very annoyed people made up 85 % which is 50 % more than in reaction to a 70 dB constant noise. Three booms within 20 minutes caused transient changes in the eardrum, acoustic reflex threshold, resonance frequency in the external auditory meatus and vestibular analyzer functioning that disappeared within 24 hours.
The hypothesized physiological mechanism of these boom effects on the organ of hearing and balance resides in the otolithic receptor perception of low-frequency oscillations.
Key words: supersonic flight sonic boom, noise, sound volume, psychophysiological reaction, hearing, acoustic protection, vestibular analyzer, performance.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 37-45.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-37-45
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Komissarova D.V., Kashirina D.N., Pastushkova L.Kh., Larina I.M., Ilyin V.K., Nosovsky À.Ì. Interrelation between levels of blood proteins in a 3-day dry immersion and population of microorganisms in the vaginal biotope and biotope of the cervical channel
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Purpose of the investigation is to establish interrelation between proteins in blood of healthy females and some bacteria from the vaginal and cervical channel biotopes in a dry immersion study (DI).
Participants were 6 female test-subjects at the reproductive age who did not consume antibacterial or other drugs that could influence vaginal ad cervical microflora. Smears were collected twice, i.e. before and after DI on days 19-22 of the monthly period (lutein phase). Blood samples were gathered simultaneously. The smears were inoculated on selective and nonselective agar-containing thick media. Microbial species were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. Mixtures of tryptic peptides were analyzed using mass spectrometer TimsTOF Pro and PASEF.
Data analysis attests to an interrelation of female blood proteins and quantities of several bacterial strains in the biotopes. In the norm, that is before DI, more important was the role of the interrelation between vaginal bacteria and hormonal status, and markers of carbohydrate metabolism. On DI completion, the interrelation was much dependent on the complement system and influencing bacteria, and immunity. Interrelations established in the cervical smears were largely same as in the vaginal smears.
These data advocate for importance of monitoring vaginal microflora as well as blood biochemical and proteomic indices in female participants in ground simulation studies and space missions.
Key words: dry immersion, vaginal microflora, proteomics, proteins, dysbiosis.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 46-56.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-46-56
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Orlov O.I., Mamontova E.Yu., Vasiliev I.M., Romanov M.A., Kalinina M.Yu. Working in the extreme conditions on an offshore oil rig in the arctic shelf area: a risk-based organizational assessment
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The article examines a comprehensive healthcare system for personnel working on oil platforms in the extreme conditions of the Arctic. The primary focus is on developing an effective model to minimize health risks in an isolated environment with harsh climate and limited access to medical care.
A key component of the system is preventive healthcare, including in-depth medical examinations to detect occupational and chronic diseases at early stages. Special emphasis is placed on emergency medical response, which relies on clear action protocols, trained medical assistants, and organized aeromedical evacuation.
Telemedicine support plays a crucial role by enabling consultations with onshore specialists and coordinating medical assistance. The system also incorporates strict sanitary-hygienic controls and workplace monitoring to prevent occupational illnesses and accidents.
Particular attention is given to training medical staff, who must possess specialized skills and resilience to work in extreme conditions. The article highlights the need for further research on worker adaptation to circadian disruptions and prolonged stress to optimize the healthcare system.
Implementing this comprehensive model aims to enhance workplace safety, preserve personnel health, and ensure sustainable operations in the Arctic environment.
Keywords: Arctic, healthcare system, emergency medical response, telemedicine, occupational hazards.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 57-67.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-57-67
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Berkovich Yu.A., Belyak À.Ì., Erokhin A.N., Ivanova À.À. Main results of cultivating plants in a prototype of conveyor vitamin space greenhouse Vitacycle-T
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The paper presents main results of Chinese cabbage cultivation in prototype of cylindrical conveyor-type space greenhouse VITACYCLE-T in which the gravity-induced plant bending is neutralized by horizontal rotation.
The authors describe key greenhouse units and test procedures, light distribution and air flows within the plant unit designed as a spiral cylinder. Also, they report the composition, pH and specific electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution for 6 root modules (RMs) prepared in a watering and aeration unit designed for use in microgravity.
The laboratory test showed that mean biomass of the Chinese cabbage crops exceeded control values in 1.9 times. There was not a significant difference of crops gathered after the first and second turn. Daily average productivity was nearly twice as high as specified in the design documentation. Leaves had species-typical color, shape and size. Organoleptic analysis stated delicate consistency, flavor, absence of downiness and bitterness. Content of vitamins A and C in the biomass agreed with their normal levels in this vegetable. The crops satisfy fully the need of one cosmonaut for these vitamins.
Key words: space crew life support system, space greenhouse, bio-technical test, leaf cabbage cultivation.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 68-76.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-68-76
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Kuznetsova O.S., Lebedeva-Gueorguievskaya K.B., Shtemberg A.S., Perevezentsev À.À., Yasnetsov Vik.V. Investigation of mexidol as a promising drug for pharmacological correction of the consequences of proton irradiation
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Experimental irradiation of rat’s head with protons (2 Gy) showed that mexidol injected at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d during 7 days of exposure and one day after improved considerably cognitive functions in the conditioned response tests (Active avoidance and Open field). Increase of the dose up to 250 mg\kg\d does not retain the effect.
We may hypothesize that mexidol at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d compensates significantly the proton-induced changes, whereas a larger dose leads to hypercompensation with some negative manifestations.
Key words: space missions, protons, central nervous system, mexidol, cognitive functions, rats.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 77-83.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-77-83
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Gaisenok O.V., Shamparov E.Yu., Gaisenok D.O. Comparative analysis of differences in the main geomagnetic indices on the days of quiet and disturbed Earth’s magnetic field
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Geomagnetic indices are used by researchers in helio-geophysics, heliobiology and space medicine. For planners of investigations aimed at studying the geomagnetic effects on humans it is critical to choose proper indices for accurate data acquisition.
To obtain information on intercorrelations, differences and/or identity of the geomagnetic indices on the days of quiet and disturbed magnetic field, we made analysis of public records provided by Russian and international geo-monitoring centers. Also, database of the GEFEST monitoring project was used.
The results showed that all geo-indices intercorrelated only on the days of the quiet or disturbed field (r is in the interval between 0.73 and 0.97). There was no overlap of correlations registered on different days. DST-index had strong correlations with other indices (r is in the interval between 0.77 and 0.93) on the days of disturbed field only. Significant differences were found after comparison of local and planetary, and regional and planetary indices registered at one and the same time.
For planned investigations it is important to select a proper type of index that will characterize GM disturbance in accordance with goals of an investigation. We believe that indices measured in a geographic region are the best for assessment of the geomagnetic field effects on humans.
Key words: geomagnetic field disturbance, geo-monitoring, geomagnetic indices, planetary index, local index.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 84-90.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-84-90
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Deshevaya Å.À., Fialkina S.V., Poddubko S.V., Lyusova L.R., Kotova S.V., Chernyshov S.V., K.K. Hoang Dynamics of the destructive changes in rubber samples due to a year-long exposure to the natural environments in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
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Investigations of dynamics of changes in composition of microbial associations capable to colonize and grow on fluorine and butadiene-nitrile rubbers were carried out within the framework of activities conducted by the Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center.
Cooperation revealed the dependence of changes in elasto-strength properties of stretched rubbers on location and time of exposure in various climatic zones in Vietnam. It was found that increase of microbial population and overgrowing rubbers with fungi began at the end of the year exposure on open grassy areas of climatic labs; however, the process was delayed on myco research stations. Fluorine rubbers turned out less resistant to ultraviolet.
Key words: butadiene-nitrile rubber, fungi, climatic exposure, rubbers, microbiological damages, elasto-strength properties, photooxidation, fluorine.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2025. V. 59. ¹ 3. P. 91-102.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2025-59-3-91-102
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Chronicle and Information
Orlov O.I., Voloshin O.V., Belakovskiy M.S. The life of evgeniy a. Ilyin: from the «Vostok» in Antarctica to «Bions» in space
Andreeva A.V., Samburov G.O. In memory of the graduates of the ASMI of the war years, the founders of soviet aerospace medicine N.M. Rudniy and I.I. Kasyan (On the 105th anniversary of their birth)
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