CONTENTS
Reviews
Ryumin O.O., Voitenko A.M., Ivanov A.V., Zhovnerchuk E.V., Bubeev Yu.A., Podolskaya I.V. Interplanetary flights: flight psychologist training
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The paper considers the problem of ensuring the psychological safety of space flights outside low orbits by appointing a specialist with the competencies of a flight psychologist to the mission crew, and discusses the issues of his training and support. It is concluded that a flight psychologist should not be so much focused on encyclopedic knowledge of clinical cases. He needs a limited set of effective practical protocols, the ability to work with altered states of consciousness, and clear safety rules. Generative neural networks can be used as one of the main means of teaching and training practical psychological skills in this situation, and the paradigm of professional training of an on-board psychologist can be based on the "intensive simulator" approach instead of years of mastering theory.
Keywords: space flight, psychological safety, flight psychologist training, clinical psychology, generative neural networks.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 5-10.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-5-10
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Matveevsky S.N. Chromosomal studies in space reproductive biology: revisiting the cosmos-1667 biosatellite experiment and looking ahead
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Long-duration space missions require a thorough assessment of the effects of spaceflight factors on the reproductive system and on the genetic stability of germ cells. This review summarizes findings from cytogenetic studies of germline cells in animals following actual spaceflights. Experiments conducted on biosatellites are considered, including Cosmos-1667, which yielded the only published study of synaptonemal complexes in spermatocytes. We also present preliminary results from the analysis of meiotic chromosomes in mice after a 30-day flight aboard the Bion-M No. 2 biosatellite, which revealed no evidence of impaired chromosome synapsis. Despite the limited available data, the overall evidence suggests an absence of pronounced cytogenetic abnormalities following short- and medium-duration orbital missions in adult male mammals.
Keywords: space, meiosis, chromosome, synaptonemal complex, Cosmos-1667, Bion-M No. 2.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 11-17.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-11-17
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Bulyguina V.G., Lysenko N.E., Zhuravleva Ò.V., Peeva Î.D., Naumov N.N. Dynamics of changes in the motivation-needs sphere among participants in the 366-day sirius-2023 isolation study
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The pilot study of motivation-needs dynamics in the multinational crew was conducted in the 366-d isolation study (SIRIUS-2023).
Participants were 2 men and 4 women. Once a month they were to make entries in the Conflicts diary that contained a section to describe a current situation in free form, and a structured questionnaire in which they were to choose one or another way of reacting to conflict, describe emotions and score on conflict stress assessment.
Content-analysis was applied to the texts in free form. Motivation-needs dynamics was assessed in the context of personal attitude, attribution, motives for achievement and power, needs, emotions experienced in interpersonal conflicts.
According to the results, the last third of the 366-d isolation was marked by the growing need to avoid violence, assessment of opponent’s action as manipulative, thought that opponent was biased. During conflict, moods changed for high anxiety, depression and hostility, intended aggressive suppression of opponent’s resistance, desire to revenge, summation of accusations. Motivation to achieve and maintain order dropped. Attitude of self-actualization, need of close relations and positive emotional exchange decreased. In interpersonal contacts, the participants were less inclined to admit own guilt in a conflict, their empathy degraded and they reacted to conflicts by blaming others.
The pro-social trends such as readiness to take opponent’s place during conflict, low hostility and avoidance of exaggeration were common to the participants with a weak instinct of self-protection and high personal adaptation, self-perfection and self-self-affirmation, low motive to avoid conflict.
These observations of the motivation-needs dynamics can complement the current methods of psychological support to teams in isolation.
Key words: 366-day isolation study, interpersonal conflict, motivation-needs sphere, content-analysis.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 18-25.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-18-25
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Tomilovskaya E.S., Rukavishnikov I.V., Shigueva Ò.À., Saveko À.À., Kitov V.V., Vassilieva G.Yu., Lukicheva N.A., Zelenskaya I.S., Savinkina À.Î., Artamonova N.Ì.À., Shishkin N.V., Ponomarev I.I., Bekreneva M.P., Riabova À.Ì., Kurbanova Î.E., Gainutdinova E.A., Urbanskaya À.D., Àvakova Ê.À., Îrlov O.I. Two-week dry immersion: characteristics and main results
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The paper describes the main features and results of the IBMP-based 14-day dry immersion (DI) with participation of 8 normal male subjects (mean age 31.2 ± 7.3 yrs). The experiment was aimed at describing the dynamics of events in the course of extended unloading.
A sharp (5-time) reduction of the locomotor activity, body elongation (2.53 cm on average) and loss of body mass were due to the negative water balance. Phase dynamics of the cardiovascular indices was as follows: HR reduction on DI day 2 and then a gradual increase, and blood pressure stabilization at lowered meanings. Initial adaptive changes included pain syndrome in the back and stomach; later, there was petechial appearance of skin rash on legs after orthostatic tests and skin maceration between the toes by the end of DI week 2.
14-day DI showed nonlinearity of the adaptive processes, transition from the acute phase (day-1) to relative stabilization and partial compensation of the functions (DI week-2), and symptoms atypical for short DI experiments.
These facts emphasize the importance of more extended model experiments for understanding the mechanisms of chronic adaptation.
Key words: dry immersion, support unloading, acute and chronic phases of adaptation, microgravity models.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 26-37.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-26-37
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Kutko O.V., Rykova M.P., Shmarov V.A., Vlasova D.D., Shulguina S.M., Kotikova À.À., Zhuravleva T.V., Orlova K.D., Zhirova E.A., Lysenko Å.À., Utkin Ê.V., Ponomarev S.À. Effect of short-term isolation on the subpopulation composition and functional activity of human dendrite cells and ò-lymphocytes
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14-day isolation study ESKIZ modeled a mission to the Moon in a small-sized pressurized facility with control environment. Fow cytometry was used to determine the subpopulation composition and functional activity of dendrite cells extracted from peripheral blood monocytes of (m-DC) and Ò-lymphocytes before isolation, on day-14 and day-7 after the egress. Mo-DC phenotypical composition and activation potential of CD4+ and CD8+ Ò-cells were analyzed in basal conditions and after polyclonal stimulation. Cytokines production was assessed by multiplex analysis.
Results showed that isolation produces a selective effect on the immunity components involved in differentiation and maturation of mî-DC, and delayed depletion of the T-cells functional reserve. Mo-DC differentiation and maturation were dissociated, i.e. while the differentiation potential of monocytes was stable, there were selective depletion of DC subpopulations with bone-simulating molecules (CD80, CD86), disbalance of IL-12 subunits and changes in synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8). Within the Ò-cell community, there were shifts in the cells that express activation markers (CD25, CD28, CD152), and induction of the regulating phenotype among CD4? and CD8? populations. Also, production of effector cytokines was altered.
Hence the short-term isolation led to complex changes in the system of innate and adaptive immunity that were partly present in the period of recovery.
Key words: dendrite cells, isolation, Ò-lymphocytes, lymphocytes, cytokines, immune regulation.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 38-44.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-38-44
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Savinkina À.Î. Emotional-communicative profiles of adaptation in the sirius isolation studies: FaceReader cluster analysis
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Investigation was concerned with analysis of emotion and communicative profiles of adaptation to long-term isolation studies (project SIRIUS) under limited communication with the control personnel.
Emotions dynamics was assessed by facial expressions using FaceReader 8.1. Analyzed were 8022 videos of the daily planned conferences (DPC) with 17 subjects in the SIRIUS-19, -21 and -23 studies.
Dynamics of adaptation as a correlation between mission day and FaceReader analysis did not boil down to a single team trend but was characterized by noticeable inter-individual differences. Profiles of adaptation were specified using the hierarchic cluster analysis by 4 criteria, i.e. percent of neutral expression, valence, DPC activation and length. Cluster analysis pointed out 6 profiles of emotional-communicative adaptation. One of the profiles (n = 3) distinguished from the others by decreases of activation and valence, and growth of fear (passive fear) which were interpreted as a potential asthenization.
These results advocate for the advantages of FaceReader as an instrument of remote psychological monitoring of crews on autonomous space missions.
Key words: SIRIUS, isolation study, FaceReader, emotions, facial expressions, cluster analysis, asthenization.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 45-54.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-45-54
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Lazarev I.E., Ukraintseva Yu.V., Tomilovskaya E.S. Event-related potentials during gait-like plantar stimulation
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The aim of our study was to evaluate the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the regulation of locomotion. Event-related potentials (ERP) were analyzed in 8 subjects during mechanical stimulation of the plantar zones of the feet: 5 minutes in a calm walking mode, i.e., heel-toe of one foot / heel-toe of the other foot; and 5 minutes in the opposite sequence, not corresponding to normal walking: toe-heel of one foot / toe-heel of the other foot. A significant difference in the ERP was revealed depending on the order in which the support zones were stimulated: ERP in response to stimulation in normal walking mode differed significantly (F(1.7) = 6.006 p < 0.05) by a high-amplitude negative deviation in the 100–600 ms window, especially pronounced in the central areas corresponding to the sensorimotor cortex. The results obtained indicate that stimulation of the support zones in a sequence corresponding to natural locomotion causes higher activation of the cerebral cortex than their stimulation in the opposite sequence.
Key words: EEG, somatosensory ERP, walking, support afferentation, gait-like stimulation.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 55-60.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-55-60
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Kutuzova I.A., Kotenev A.V., Pankova N.B., Ratmanova P.Î. Individual tracks of the psychophysiological indices in members of the antarctic expedition
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Persistently high mental efficacy of people is crucial for efficiency and final success of long expeditions. Sensorimotor reactivity tests provide objective quantitative assessment of the psychophysiological status.
Purpose of this investigation is to analyze results of the daily psychophysiological tests performed by 2 members of the 70th Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE) over the period of 18 weeks. HW/SW complex BioMysh was used to register mean reaction time (30 sessions) and number of errors in both simple and difficult oculomotor reactions (SOMR and DOMR), target tracking (TT) and distributed attention (DA) tests.
One member, who completed most of the test sessions within the timeframe between December and April, improved the DOMR and DA results w/o dynamics in SOMR. We surmise that his results demonstrate changes in the central structures responsible for the cognitive functions rather than in nervous conductivity. The other implemented much less test sessions and did not let watch statistically reliable dynamics in any test. In both cases, significant dynamics in the number of errors was not stated.
Key words: sensorimotor reactions, concentration, psychophysiological indices, adaptative changes, long-term expeditions, Antarctica.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 61-67.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-61-67
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Rodimin V.D., Kharin S.A., Deshevaya Å.À., Poddubko S.V., Kurakov A.V. Microscopic molds in the environment of the russian segment of the international space station
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The international space station (ISS) is a unique artificial environment not only for humans but also for microorganisms including microscopic fungi. We investigated the taxonomic diversity and quantitative characteristics of mycobiota inhabiting the Russian segment at the closing stage of the ISS operation.
The paper presents results of analysis of 259 aerosol air samples and 731 samples from the interior and equipment surfaces collected by the crews of 8 expeditions between 2020 and 2024. Fungi were detected in 158 samples (16 %) of the total number of samples. Taxonomic composition included 35 species belonging to 10 genera. Particularly many species and high occurrence were characteristic of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Talaromyces.
We maintain that these dominating species are particularly adaptive to this environment and capable to displace new species brought to the ISS. They largely colonize surfaces behind interior panels, i.e. areas that accumulate atmospheric condensate and organic contaminants. The quantitative characteristics and diversity of mycobiota in the ISS RS environment during the final period are much lower in comparison to station Mir and comparable to the levels documented at the beginning of the ISS operation. This indicates the effectiveness of the measures taken to prevent fungal growth on the station.
Key words: microscopic fungi mycobiota, International space station, environment.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 68-79.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-68-79
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Ilyin V.K., Korshunov D.V., Morozova Yu.A., Berkovich Yu.A., Smolianina S.Î., Morozov Ya.V., Bagretsova M.R., Leus T.V. The effect of rhizospheric bacteria on carrot growth and resistance of root crops to phytopathogenic fungi
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Ôèòîïðîòåêòîðíàÿ ðîëü ðèçîñôåðíîé ìèêðîôëîðû ïðèîáðåòàåò îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå ïðè äëèòåëüíîì âûðàùèâàíèè ðàñòåíèé íà áîðòó ïèëîòèðóåìûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòîâ, òàê êàê â Phytoprotection by the rhizosphere microflora acquires a particular significance for prolonged plant cultivation onboard piloted space vehicles. The reason is the requirements to ensure stable functioning of the photo-autotrophic component and minimal chemical contamination of the human environment.
Purpose of the work was to make a comprehensive assessment of the effect of rhizosphere bacteria inoculation on the microbial status of the root zone, productivity and resistance of root crops to the phytopathogenic fungi involvement. The crop (Daucus carota L., var. Vnuchka) was cultivated 60 days on a hydroponic substrate, i.e. rolls of an ion-exchange fiber. Each root module (RM) had a hollow tube of hydrophilic fine-pored titanium. Suspensions of rhizosphere bacteria collected from the surface of healthy carrot roots from previous harvest were inoculated in the amount of 20 ml per RM. The crop was investigated for plant mass, microbiological status of the roots, and resistance to artificial contamination by 4 phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum) after 30-d storage at 8 °Ñ.
The experiment showed that rhizosphere of carrot roots contained both fungal (Penicillium, Fusarium, Trihocderma and Lipomices) and bacterial (Bacillaceae and Pseudomonadaceae) microflora. There was a marked competition between two types of microflora, and between the Bacillaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families.
Inoculation of bacterial cultures increased dry mass of the crop and roots’ input in total mass, and accelerated roots formation. Inoculation of Bacillaceae increased resistance of root cuts to artificial contamination by Alternaria alternata micromycetes; inoculation of Pseudomonadacea increased resistance to ð. Fusarium.
Key words: rhizosphere microflora, phytopathogenic mucoromycetes, carrot Daucus carota L., phitoprotectors.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 80-87.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-80-87
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Lashukov P.V., Pakhomova À.À., Pechnikov À.À., Mukhamedieva L.N. Hygienic assessment of the chemical composition of gas released by polimer composites destabilized by low-intensity gamma-radiation
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Chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated in gases released by carbon-based polymer composites (PCs) with thermoreactive (epoxide, polyamide, phthalonitrile, phenyl triazine) and thermoplastic (polyether ether ketone) bindings exposed to gamma-radiation at the total dose of 500 cGy.
Materials were exposed to a 137Cs gamma-source in a room air. Identification of VOCs was performed with the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative VOCs composition before and after exposure.
Gamma-radiation decreased total gas-release in various degrees of all PCs which points to domination of the structuring (cross-linking) and interaction of different functional groups in macromolecules and compacting the polymer mesh. Analysis showed radiation endurance depending on topology of mesh-structured PCs with epoxide, polyamide, phthalonitrile and phenyl triazine bindings which are characterized by minimum, compared to linear structures, off-gassing after low-dose gamma-irradiation.
Quantitative and qualitative composition of VOCs following PCs gamma-exposure did not exceed the adopted hygienic limits for airtight areas (MPCPSV); risk to health limit (ÍQ) was below one.
Key words: polymer composites, carbon-filled plastics, off-gassing, volatile organic compounds, gamma-radiation of low intensity, radiation endurance, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, hygienic evaluation.
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 88-97.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-88-97
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Methods
Ozerov D.S., Barantseva M.Yu., Nosovsky A.M., Lashukov P.V., Pakhomova A.A., Pechnikov A.A., Orlov O.I. Vector-semantic database for off-gassed components from polymer materials
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The article discusses the possibility and practical implementation of a vector-semantic database model for storing and contextually searching information on the composition of gas emissions from polymer materials used in human spaceflight. The study involved digitizing and indexing archival data from the Sanitary and Chemical Safety Laboratory of the SRC RF-IBMP RAS, including over 100,000 sheets of original specifications and more than 15,000 pages of expert reports. The developed intelligent system prototype includes locally deployed components: a Supabase PostgreSQL vector storage, the Russian FRIDA embedding model for generating semantic text representations, the n8n orchestration platform, and an LLM agent based on the GigaChat Lite model. The article describes the system architecture, its workflow algorithm, and testing results on complex expert tasks, including searching for sealing materials using semantically close formulations and identifying precedents of positive decisions when gas emission standards were slightly exceeded. It is shown that the implementation of a vector database coupled with an LLM agent reduces search and analysis time from hours to a few minutes, provides decision support through archival precedents, and ensures data confidentiality through local deployment. A comparative assessment across six criteria demonstrates the significant superiority of the developed system over the traditional relational database in terms of completeness, contextual search, scalability, and decision support.
Keywords: vector database, semantic search, polymer materials, gas emission, LLM, embeddings, toxicological expert evaluation
Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina (Russia). 2026. V. 60. ¹ 5. P. 98-104.
DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2026-60-5-98-104
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Chronicle and Information
Orlov O.I., Belakovskiy M.S. Biological research in space. On the 75th anniversary of V.N. Sychev
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